6．By saying “We need them yesterday” (paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots . 二、词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。 语境即上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇和短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略： 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略1：依据标点符号猜测词义 标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的解答方法。比如，破折号、冒号常常起解释说明的功能，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例1　Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the last paragraph probably means a man who . A．likes hunting

　　B．is afraid of hens C．loves his wife

　　D．is afraid of his wife 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【点睛】 D　破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选择D项。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略2：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义 运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有： but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例2　The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the passage? A．Messy and untidy.　 　 　 B．Rich and expensive. C．Comfortable and calming.

　　D．Foreign and unusual. 【点睛】 D　由but引导的前后句可知，exotic与quite normal(相当平常)在意义上是互为反义的，因此选择D项foreign and unusual(异乎寻常)。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略3：依据下定义，作解释猜测词义 在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说明后结论)的方式。常用的定义信号词有：be defined as/be termed(被定义为)，be called(被称为)，mean/refer to/be(意指，是)。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例3　[2011·安徽卷] (节选) George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book，Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)： “We've become so accustomed to noise，there's almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet，you sound like an old man. But it's never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us，improves our health，and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.” 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 What does the phrase “to put a sock in it ”in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．To be quiet. B．To be colorful. C．To be full of love.

　　D．To be attentive to someone. 【点睛】 A　词义猜测题。本题是根据结构上的“总—分”关系猜测词义。文章首句先表明观点，然后进一步清楚地分述自己的观点——没有噪音，我们会专注生活中各种美好的声音。再结合上下文可以看出George Prochnik是反对噪音的，所以他应该是喜欢安静的，故答案选A。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略4：依据逻辑推理猜测词义 运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也是最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系，转折关系等。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例4 　[2011·四川卷] (节选) So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 a．m.？What gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，increases self－confidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape. What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean? A．Good health.

　　B．Firm belief.

　　C．A strong power.

　　D．A regular habit. 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【点睛】 B　词义猜测题。本题是根据解说关系猜测词义。从文中“A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，…above all improves my body shape.”可知，“减少焦虑、增强信心…改变体型”即不定式部分是修饰commitment的，结合文意可推断出commitment意为“坚强的信念”，故选择B项。本题容易受字面意思的影响而误选C项。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略5：依据替代词猜测词义 使用替代词 it, they, them, one(s), these, that 或 the other (two…)等指代上下文中词汇或句义是猜测词义的另一种形式。

　　阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略6：依据例证猜测词义 采用事实说理(即例证)以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有： like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。 此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测策略的另一种表现形式。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的的有效捷径。这种猜词的策略主要表现在： 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 (1)依据词性变化猜测词义 英语语言的词性变化是非常活跃的，如名词动化、动词名化、形容词动化等，阅读时要充分抓住这一特点，从而准确地猜测词义。 (2)依据词义变化(词义引申)猜测词义 英语语言除了词性活跃的特点外，其词义的变化也是非常活跃的。同一个词在不同的语境中其词义也会发生相应的变化，即所谓的词义引申。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 (3)依据词的派生和合成猜测词义 派生法是英语构词法中最主要的构词方法，它由词根、前缀或后缀组成。如：前缀dis－， im－， ir－， un－可以构成反义词；后缀－less也以构成反义词。遇到合成词时在正确理解两词的基础上结合原文来把握两词之间的关系，从而准确地猜测词义。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【活学活用】 1．The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. A．killed by stoning

　　B．sent away C．imprisoned

　　D．punished by whipping

　　[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 2．The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoner's hand had almost reached them. A．hardly noticeable B．heavy－handed C．not capable of fast or immediate action D．a matter of habit

　　[答案] A 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 3．Mrs. Morgan's son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases. A．superior manner B．wastefulness or carelessness in spending money C．showing too great concern for current fashions D．insults to family or close friends

　　[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 4．Twelve－year－old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate. A．pretty

　　B．calm C．protective

　　D．Energetic

　　[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 5．I wanted to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. A．deceive

　　B．frighten C．talk out of it

　　D．accompany

　　[答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 6．Albert's success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence. A．time

　　B．competition C．perseverance

　　D．beginning again

　　[答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 7．He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A．unfriendly

　　B．uncomfortable C．unhealthy

　　D．enormous

　　[答案] A 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 8．I found a secluded area where no man or animal could be seen for miles around. A．cool

　　B．isolated C．quiet

　　D．noisy

　　[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 9．The archaeologist spent years studying and searching for remains of the Chinese civilization. A．one who studies the mind B．one who studies cultures C．one who studies the body D．one who studies animals

　　[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 10．CARDIFF, Wales (De, 15)—Poets, singers and musicians from across the globe gathered in Wales to celebrate the tradition of storytelling. “It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions, and as all the Welsh are storytellers, it was in good hands here.” Ambrose said. A．controlled by rich people B．grasped by good storytellers C．taken good care of D．protected by kind people [答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 2．单项填空

　　We have been told that under no circumstances ________ the office telephone for personal affairs.

　　A．can we use

　　B．we can use

　　C．we use

　　D．did we use

　　[解析] A　考查词组用法。under no circumstances“在任何情况下都不”，其位于句首时，句子要进行倒装。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　9　decline　vt.&vi. 下降，下滑，下倾；衰退，衰落；谢绝　n. 衰退；衰败(一般用单数)

　　on the decline

　　在下降；在衰退中

　　fall/go into a decline

　　衰退 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　【活学活用】 (1) Tom ___________ (拒绝)have lunch with his girlfriend. (2) Steel production has been _____________ (在衰退中) in these countries. (3) There was __________ (下降趋势)in interests in sports.

　　第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　declined to on the decline a decline 1　at all costs　不管多大代价，无论如何

　　at_____ cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何

　　at the cost ____ …

　　以……为代价

　　at a cost of

　　以……的价格

　　at cost

　　按成本，以成本价格(出售)

　　cut/reduce costs

　　减少日常花销

　　cover the cost of sth.

　　支付某物的费用 第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　短语储存 any of 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子

　　(1) We must avoid war _________________________.

　　我们必须不惜任何代价避免战争。

　　(2) He saved the children from the fire _________________.

　　他舍身把孩子们从大火中救出。

　　(3) The students are given ￡50 a year to _______________ books and stationery.

　　学生每年得到50英镑作为支付书籍和文具的费用。 第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　at all costs/at any cost at the cost of his life cover the cost of 2．单项填空

　　His uncle's a car dealer and lets him buy the car ______.

　　A．at all costs

　　B．at the cost

　　C．at a cost

　　D．at cost

　　[解析] D　句意：他的叔叔是个汽车销售商，因此让他按成本价购买。at cost“按成本价格”，符合句意。 第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　2　go through　通过；经受；仔细检查，审查

　　go ____ 上涨，上升

　　go out

　　熄灭；出去

　　go ____

　　检查；复习

　　go away

　　走开，离开

　　go down

　　下落；下沉；下降

　　go off

　　离开，爆炸 第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　up

　　over 【活学活用】 1．用上述短语的适当形式完成句子

　　(1) I'd like to have you ____________ (仔细检查)the books.

　　(2) She ____________ (经历)one hardship after another.

　　(3) The plan did not ____________ (通过)．

　　(4) These countries __________________ (已经经受)too many

　　wars.

　　(5) It took us a whole week to ____________ (通过)the forest. 第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　go through went through go through have gone through go through 2．单项填空

　　The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they ________

　　his bag, but found nothing.

　　A．looked through B．went through

　　C．pulled through

　　D．got through

　　[解析] B　look through浏览；go through经历，通过， 仔细搜查；pull through渡过难关；get through完成，接通。 第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　3　wipe out　彻底毁灭

　　wipe… ______ …用……擦……

　　wipe away

　　擦掉，擦干

　　wipe ____

　　从……擦下去

　　wipe up

　　用布擦净(液体、污渍等)

　　wipe sth.

　　from one's mind/memory 有意忘记某事物 第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　with off 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子

　　(1) The storm ______ the building_____ only in two hours.

　　在两个小时之内，暴风雨把建筑物毁坏了。

　　(2) _____ your tears _____；believe yourself and try again.

　　擦掉眼泪，相信自己，再试一次。

　　(3) ______ your nose ______ your handkerchief!

　　用手帕擦擦你的鼻子！ 第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　wiped

　　out Wipe away Wipe with 2．单项填空

　　The entire population was ________ by the terrible disease.

　　A．wiped away B．wiped out

　　C．wiped off

　　D．wiped up

　　[解析] B　考查词组辨析。wipe away擦掉，清除掉；wipe out彻底毁灭；wipe off擦掉，刷掉；wipe up用布擦干。句意：所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去了生命。

　　第21讲 │ 短语储存

　　It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.

　　由于无知那些数以千计的本可以受益于中药的人却错过治疗真是很可惜。 句型公式 It seems (to sb. )that…　 第21讲 │ 句型透视

　　句型透视 【相关句型】 (1) It seems (to sb. )that…(在某人看来)似乎，好像……， 动词seem可根据语境的不同选择不同的时态。 (2) It would seem…语气稍委婉一些。 (3) It seems that…“似乎……”，可转换成“主语＋seem＋to do/to be doing/to have done…”句型。 (4) It seems as if/as though…“看样子似乎是……”(可用虚拟语气)。 (5) seem like…“似乎像”(like是介词)。 (6) There seems to be…“似乎有……”。 第21讲 │ 句型透视

　　【活学活用】 1．改为同义句

　　(1) It seems that she is ill.

　　__________________

　　(2) It seemed that he was studying hard.

　　__________________________

　　(3) It seemed that he had forgotten his real name.

　　____________________________________ 第21讲 │ 句型透视

　　She seems to be ill. He seemed to be studying hard.

　　He seemed to have forgotten his real name. 2．单项填空

　　________ have seen the film.

　　A．It seems that heB．He seems that he

　　C．He seems to

　　D．It seems as if

　　[答案] C

　　第21讲 │ 句型透视

　　第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　跟踪训练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．After eating too much, we need a walk to digest . 2．Blood c_________ around the body. 3．His words were followed by a long p_____. 4．I begin to______(寻找)a right way after I get lost in the forest. 5．The power of the _____ (资讯界) is out of your imagination. irculates

　　ause

　　seek press Ⅱ.选词填空 用下面短语的适当形式填空。 　at random; in vain; out of breath; at all costs; slow down　 1．The market researchers interviewed people _________ in the street. 2．Remember that you'll have got to finish this job by tomorrow _________. 3．It is dangerous to ride a bicycle along an icy road like that, so please _________ your bicycle. 4．It took me only five minutes to get to school this morning.

　　Of course, I was ____________. 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　at random at all costs slow down out of breath 5．The girl decided to work in the west.

　　Her parents tried to persuade her to change her mind, but _______. 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　in vain Ⅲ.单项填空 1．Although the Romans couldn't be forced to pay taxes, they couldn't vote ________ they agreed to ________ a government.

　　A．unless; submit toB．until; correspond to

　　C．when; resign to

　　D．while; compromise to

　　[解析] A　很显然，后一个分句是前一个分句的条件状语。句意：……除非他们同意顺从于一个政府。submit to 服从于， 屈从于。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　2．How can they perform their work well under such ________？

　　A．circumstances

　　B．state

　　C．case

　　D．situation

　　[解析] A　考查名词辨析。句意：在这种情况下，他们依靠什么办法来做好工作？under…circumstances为固定短语，意思为“在……情况下”，符合题意。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　3．We're trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we ________ your number incorrectly.

　　A．looked upB．took down

　　C．worked out

　　D．brought about

　　[解析] B　考查词组辨析。look up查阅，朝上看；take down记下；work out计算出，解决；bring about造成，引起。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　4. ________ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

　　A．It has

　　B．They have

　　C．It remains

　　D．There remains

　　[解析] D　考查there be结构。 remain替代了be动词。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　5．The explorers were told ________ themselves with everything they would need for the voyage.

　　A．to associate

　　B．to equip

　　C．to relate

　　D．to feed

　　[解析] B　equip sb. with sth.“用……装备……”，符合题意。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　6．Please insure the goods at our ________ against damage in transport.

　　A．price　

　　B．worth

　　C．cost

　　D．pay

　　[解析] C　at one's cost此处表示“……付出代价”的意思。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　7．When I came back, I noticed that he was still sitting in the office.He seemed ________ for someone.

　　A．waited

　　B．to have waited

　　C．to be waiting

　　D．to wait

　　[解析] C　不定式to加进行时态，表示“……正在做”。句意：我回来时，他依旧坐在办公室，似乎正在等人。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　8．I ________ the French written papers but failed in the English oral examination.

　　A．got through

　　B．looked through

　　C．went through

　　D．lived through

　　[解析] A　考查动词短语辨析。get through通过。句意：我通过了法语笔试，但是英语口试却不及格。look through仔细检查；go through度过； live through经历过。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　9．Although his efforts were ________， he was never disappointed.

　　A．in surprise

　　B．in vain

　　C．in short

　　D．in reality

　　[解析] B　考查介词短语在语境中的运用。in surprise惊讶地；in vain徒劳的；in short简言之；in reality实际上。根据句意“虽然他的一切努力都是枉费，可是他从不气馁”可知，答案为B。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　10．Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she thought it boring ________ she read it.

　　A．at the first time

　　B．the first time

　　C．for the first time

　　D．at first

　　[解析] B　考查名词引导时间状语从句。the first time在这里作为连词，引导时间状语从句。

　　第21讲 │ 跟踪训练

　　阅读写作(二十一)　阅读理解技法指导之词义猜测 阅读写作(二十一)[阅读理解技法指导之词义猜测]

　　阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 重视词义猜测 历年高考都把词义猜测作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题。词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断；既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。 一、词义猜测主要的设题方式有： 1．The underlined words “took off” in paragraph 2 mean “ ”． 2．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to? 3．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that . 4．Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? 5．The underlined phrase “turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably means . 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 第21讲

　　Unit 21

　　Human Biology 第21讲　Unit 21

　　Human Biology 第21讲 │ 美文欣赏 美文欣赏 假设你是校刊英文版的编辑，请你根据下面表格中的内容写一篇题目为 “Top Meal of the Day” 的文章登在校刊上。现状许多高中学生不吃早餐(skip breakfast)，其结果不仅影响白天的学习，而且导致身体变差。原因1.认为早餐不重要，可有可无；2．早晨时间匆忙，为了节省时间不吃早餐；3．女孩为了减肥而不吃早餐。建议每位学生都应该每天吃早餐。原因……(自定，至少两个)。要求：1.请按照要求写一篇文章，内容充实，上下文连贯通顺；2.词数：120左右。 【精彩美文】

　　Top Meal of the DayNowadays it's common for many high­school students to skip breakfast, leading to both poor school performance and damage to their health.When asked why they skip breakfast, some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day, and think it unnecessary, while others say they have too little time in the morning to have breakfast.And a third group, mostly girls, say they want to lose weight so they skip

　　第21讲 │ 美文欣赏 breakfast.We suggest that every student should have breakfast properly every day, since breakfast can provide the necessary energy that one needs every day.In addition, having breakfast can help you to concentrate in class and study more efficiently. 第21讲 │ 美文欣赏 【全品点睛】

　　①行文逻辑：描述现状→解释原因→给出建议。较好地使用了连接词语，如：while，so，in addition等。

　　②词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：skip, lead to, provide, concentrate, efficiently等。

　　③句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：宾语从句，非谓语动词结构在时间状语从句中的运用：When asked why they skip breakfast, some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day, and think it unnecessary，…； 第21讲 │ 美文欣赏 包含了虚拟语气的宾语从句，since引导的原因状语从句，that引导的定语从句：We suggest that every student should have breakfast properly every day, since breakfast can provide the necessary energy that one needs every day；非谓语动词以及it作形式主语语法结构的使用：it's common for many high­school students to skip breakfast, leading to both poor school performance and damage to their health.

　　第21讲 │ 美文欣赏 基础梳理 Ⅰ.单词荟萃 1. _______ v.

　　循环，传播→__________n.

　　循环→________n.

　　传播者；循环器；循环小数 2. _____ vt.

　　消化→________ n.

　　消化→_________ adj.

　　可消化的，易消化的 3. _______n.

　　矿物，矿物质→_______n.

　　矿，矿井→______ n.

　　矿工 4. _________ vt.

　　容忍；忍受→_____________________n.

　　容忍；忍受；宽容→________adj.

　　容忍的；忍受的；宽容的 第21讲 │ 基础梳理 circulate circulation circulator digest digestion digestible mineral mine miner tolerate toleration/tolerance tolerant 5. ______vt.

　　反对→ ________ adj.

　　相反的→ _________

　　n.

　　反对，对手，反对派 6. _________ adj.

　　荣幸的，享受特权的→ ________ n.

　　特权 7. ____ n.

　　进入，入学→ ______ v.

　　进入→ ________ n.

　　入口 8. _____ vt.

　　款待，对待，治疗→ __________ n.

　　款待，待遇，治疗 9. ________ vt.

　　禁止，阻止→ __________ n.

　　禁止 10. __________ adj.

　　系统的，有条理的→ ______ n.

　　系统，体系，制度 第21讲 │ 基础梳理 oppose opposite opposition

　　privileged privilege entry enter entrance treat treatment prohibit prohibition systematic system Ⅱ.短语检测 1．碰到　

　　2．彻底毁灭

　　3．徒劳地；无用地

　　4．无论如何

　　5．随便地；随机地

　　6．不惜任何代价

　　7．进入，接近

　　8．把……变为

　　9．值得

　　10．习惯于

　　第21讲 │ 基础梳理 come across wipe out in vain at any rate at random at all costs have access to

　　turn into be worth sth. be accustomed to

　　Ⅲ.佳句再现 1．Many contemporary amateur athletes ___________________world records if they __________________ the first Olympic Games.

　　如果参加了首届奥运会，许多当代的业余运动员会打破很多项世界纪录。 2.

　　_____ all the international effort ____________, we have to ______________ there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.

　　目前全世界都在努力，所以我们相信将会及时找到方法消灭禽流感。 第21讲 │ 基础梳理 had taken part in With being made have faith that would have broken

　　3．Many people doubted Armstrong's ability to become a top cyclist again but they ___________________. 很多人怀疑阿姆斯特朗再次成为顶级车手的能力，但他们本没必要担心。 4．You __________________for exams at home.

　　你发现在家复习考试是困难的。 5. ____________________it will help us to cure all sorts of illness.

　　毫无疑问这将有助于我们治愈各种各样的疾病。

　　第21讲 │ 基础梳理 need not have worried find it hard to study There is no doubt that 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　单词点睛 1　tolerate　v. 忍受；容忍

　　(1) tolerate ＋n./doing

　　容忍，忍受，容许

　　(2) tolerant adj.

　　宽容的，容忍的

　　be tolerant of

　　容忍……

　　tolerantly adv.

　　宽大地

　　(3) toleration n.

　　忍受；宽容

　　(4) tolerance n.

　　宽容，忍受

　　have no tolerance of

　　对……毫不容忍

　　show tolerance towards sb.

　　容忍某人

　　(5) stand/bear/put up with

　　忍受，忍耐 【活学活用】 (1) The ice was so thin that it couldn't ________ his weight.

　　A．stand 　 B．suffer　 C．tolerate 　D．bear (2) Once you become a member of the club, you'll have to learn to ________ different views and the tastes of the people you meet.

　　A．tolerant

　　B．tolerate

　　C．suffer

　　D．bear

　　[答案] (1)D　(2)B 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　2　postpone　vt. 拖延，推迟

　　postpone sth. 推迟某事

　　postpone doing sth.

　　推迟做某事

　　postpone sth.

　　until/till

　　把某事推迟到……

　　postpone sth.

　　for some time

　　把某事推迟多久 【词语辨析】 delay，postpone与put off (1) delay: 普通用词，多指因外界原因推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。 (2) postpone: 正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指延期到一定的时间。 (3) put off: 口语用词，与postpone同义，但较通俗。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　【活学活用】 1．根据汉语提示用postpone的相关表述完成句子

　　(1) They have decided ____________________________ (推迟 开会) for some time.

　　(2) We had to ______________________ (推迟去法 国)because our children were ill. 2．单项填空

　　Let's postpone ________ a decision until we have more information.

　　A．to make　B．making

　　C．made

　　D．make

　　[解析] B　postpone后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　to postpone holding the meeting postpone going to France 3　oppose　vt. 反对；反抗；阻挠

　　(1) oppose doing sth.　

　　反对做某事

　　(2) opposed adj.

　　反对的；对立的

　　be opposed to

　　反对

　　(3) opposite adj.

　　相反的；对面的

　　opposition n.

　　反对；对立；抵抗

　　come across/meet with opposition 遭到反对 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　【活学活用】 1．用括号中所给词的适当形式填空

　　(1) The President opposes ________ (give)military aid to that

　　country.

　　(2) She remained bitterly ________ (oppose)to the idea of

　　moving abroad. 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　giving opposed 2．单项填空

　　Mary is strongly opposed ________ shopping on Sunday because the streets are full of people.

　　A．to go

　　B．to going

　　C．of going

　　D．with going

　　[解析] B　be opposed to doing sth.反对……，其中to为介词，后跟名词或动名词。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　4　equip　v.

　　装备；配备

　　(1) equip… _______ …(be equipped with)

　　用……装备……

　　equip sb.

　　to do sth.

　　使某人有能力做某事

　　equip oneself

　　整装，预备行装

　　(2) equipment n.

　　[U]装备；设备 【注意事项】 equipment 为不可数名词，“一件设备”不可说an equipment, 但可用a piece of equipment表达。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　with 【活学活用】 1．用括号中所给词的适当形式填空

　　(1) The seamen ________ (equip) a ship for a voyage.

　　(2) The soldiers _____________ (equip)with the latest

　　weapons. 2．单项填空

　　The factory is equipped ________ modern machinery and uses the most recent techniques.

　　A．withB．onC．butD．into

　　[解析] A　equip…with…“以……配备……”，be equipped with modern machinery配备有现代化机械。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　equipped were equipped 5　doubtful　adj. 怀疑的，疑心的；不能确定的，可疑的

　　(1) doubt n．&vt.

　　怀疑

　　beyond/out____doubt

　　(常作插入语)毫无疑问地

　　in doubt

　　感到怀疑，拿不准；被怀疑，悬而未决

　　no doubt

　　无疑地，很可能

　　without (a) doubt

　　无疑地；一定

　　I don't doubt that…

　　我确信……

　　I doubt whether/if…

　　我怀疑……

　　I have ____ doubt that…

　　我确信/毫不怀疑……

　　(2) doubtfully adv.

　　怀疑地；含糊地

　　doubtless adv.

　　大概，几乎肯定地 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　of

　　no 【经典句式】 There's no doubt that…/about/of sth. 毫无疑问…… There's some doubt whether/if…　有疑问…… 【注意事项】 动词doubt后跟从句时，肯定句中用whether或if引导，疑问句和否定句中用that引导；no doubt后只能由whether引导，不能用if，但可用that引导。如： I doubt whether Tom has taken my watch. 我怀疑是不是汤姆拿了我的手表。 Do you doubt that Tom has taken my watch? 你相信汤姆拿了我的手表吗？ 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　【活学活用】 1．同义句转换

　　(1) I'm sure that he will come.

　　＝ __________________________ that he will come.

　　(2) We have some doubt about the result.

　　＝We are _________________ about the result. 2．单项填空

　　Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ a cure for AIDS will be found.

　　A．that B．whether C．ifD．which

　　[解析] A　no doubt后为同位语从句，that作为引导词，不充当句子成分。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　I don't doubt/have no doubt in doubt/doubtful 6　abuse　v．&n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂

　　(1) abuse one's power/authority/position

　　滥用职权、地位

　　abuse sb./animals

　　虐待人/动物

　　drug abuse

　　滥用毒品

　　a term of abuse

　　咒骂用语

　　(2) abusive

　　adj.

　　辱骂的；谩骂的；滥用的 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子

　　(1) What she did was __________her position as manager.

　　她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。

　　(2) He felt they __________his trust by talking about him

　　to the press.

　　他感到他们向报界透露有关他的情况是辜负了他的信 任。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　an abuse of had abused 2．单项填空

　　It has been revealed that some government leaders __________ their authority to get illegal profits for themselves.

　　A．employ 　 B．take 　 C．abuse 　 D．hold

　　[解析] C　词义辨析题。abuse one's position/authority/power滥用职权。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　7　submit　vt. 使顺从，使服从；提交；(法律)认为

　　(1) submit oneself to sth.

　　顺从……

　　submit sth.

　　to sb.

　　向……提交……

　　submit that…

　　认为……

　　submit to

　　屈服于

　　(2) submission n.

　　顺从

　　submissive adj.

　　服从的；恭顺的 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　【活学活用】 1．用submit的适当形式填空

　　(1) It is a duty of a soldier __________himself to the army.

　　(2) He is the last man ___________another's opinion.

　　(3) I __________ my resume to the manager before the

　　interview.

　　(4) We will ________ ourselves to the court's judgment. 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　to submit to submit to submitted submit 2．单项填空

　　He submitted the report ________ the matter ________ the committee.

　　A．on; for 　

　　B．to; on

　　C．on; to

　　D．on; with

　　[解析] C　考查动词用法。 report on sth.关于……的报告；submit…to…向……提交…… 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　8　circumstance　n. 情形，情况；(pl.)经济状况；物质

　　环境；(pl.)境遇

　　the whole circumstance全部情况

　　in/under no circumstances

　　绝不

　　in/under the circumstances

　　在这种情况下 【温馨提示】 in/under no circumstances 位于句首时，句子要用倒装结构。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　【活学活用】 1．根据汉语提示或意思完成句子

　　(1)

　　_________________________ (在这种情况下)，he

　　couldn't accept the job.

　　(2) In no circumstances ___________________________ (你

　　应该把钱借给他)．

　　(3) _________________________will China be the first to

　　use nuclear weapons.

　　中国在任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛

　　Under/In the circumstances should you lend him any money In/Under no circumstances

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