Ⅴ.阅读理解

　　Stephen Hawking (January 8th,1942— ) was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo’s death.He has come to be thought of as the greatest mind in physics since Albert Einstein.

　　Hawking grew up outside London in an educated family.His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases；his mother was active in the Liberal Party.From early on he wanted to study science.He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a simple computer that actually worked.In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University.In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to gain a PhD in cosmology (宇宙论)．There he became crazy about black holes (first proposed by Robert Oppenheimer)．After receiving his PhD，he stayed at Cambridge，becoming known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein’s formulas，as well as his questioning of older，established physicists.

　　In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to study black holes.Soon afterwards he made an astonishing discovery.Hawking suggested that under certain conditions，a black hole could give out subatomic particles (颗粒)．That is now known as Hawking Radiation.He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe.

　　At the age of 32，he received the Albert Einstein Award.And in 1979，he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.It is the most famous academic chair in the world.Since its creation 330 years ago,17 individuals have held the chair，like Sir Isaac Newton，Charles Babbage and Robert Woodhouse.There he began to question the big bang theory，which by then most had accepted.

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