CHRISTOPHER HOWSON：“We should treat malnutrition(营养不良)in women both before and doing pregnancy.We should treat infections that increase risk.We should monitor pregnancies carefully for signs of trouble.And should that baby be born preterm，we should care for that baby by providing a package of interventions that have been shown to be tried and very effective.”

　　For example，there are programs in Africa that teach the skin­to­skin method，also known as kangaroo care.Mothers learn to carry preterm babies in front instead the traditional African way of carrying a baby，on the mother's back.Skin­to­skin helps keep a preterm baby warm.The direct contact also makes it easier for the baby to breastfeed.

　　Most preterm births take place in Africa and Asia.But rates in the United States have increased by more than one­third in the last twenty­five years.This is largely the result of more births in older women and more use of fertility treatments.

　　Alan Fleischman is the medical director of the March of Dimes.He was among a group of medical experts who met in Washington，D.C.，earlier this month.The group met to develop a quality improvement plan for dealing with the problem in the United States.Doctor Fleischman says there is concern especially about rising numbers of what are known as late preterm births.

　　ALAN FLEISCHMAN：“Those are the babies who are born between thirty­four and thirty­seven weeks gestation.Those are the fastest increasing numbers of prematures.In fact，they are responsible for seventy­two percent of all prematures in America.”

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