(2017·北京海淀区期末练习)Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive (冲动的) and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.
Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as“novelty seeking”, characterized by impulsive actions; “harm avoidance”, marked by pessimism and shyness; “reward dependence”, with an addictive personality; and “persistence”, who are people tending to be diligent, hardworking and perfectionists.
The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as noveltyseeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harmavoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.
The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child's behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.
There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.
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