People who have a reward­dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.

　　“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with, but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach.” said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.

　　If you know it's not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing that someone has such a predisposition (体质)could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.

　　1．Which type of person may turn out to be drug­abusers?

　　A. “Novelty seeking”.

　　B. “Reward dependence”．

　　C. “Harm avoidance”.

　　D. “Persistence”．

　　2．Which of the following is true about shy people?

　　A. They are often shouted at and scolded.

　　B. They can naturally put themselves forward.

　　C. They structurally have a smaller brain region.

　　D. They are too timid to be educated and helped.

　　3．What's the main idea of the passage?

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