(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b) 句则没有。当然,(b) 句如与 often,every day 等时间状语连用,也可表示动作在重复。 ④现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。试比较: What have you been doing?(a) What have you done?(b) (a) 句表示惊异,(b) 句只是一个问题。 Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a) Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b) (a)句显然是在表扬玛丽,(b)句只说明一个事实。 I have been wanting to meet you for long.(a) I have long wanted to meet you.(b) (a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。
⑤用于现在完成时的动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可以是行为动词,也可以是状态动词;而用于现在完成进行时的动词只能是延续性的行为动词。
(2)与一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 表示过去完成的某一动作根据具体情况可以适用多种时态。强调动作本身,即动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等时用一般过去时。例如: He saw the film in town. 强调动作的结果或对现在产生的影响时,用现在完成时。例如: He has seen the film before,and I am sure he knows about it. 但当过去某一动作发生在过去某一时间或另一动作之前时,则用过去完成时。例如: Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. How long had they known each other before they got married? 六、过去完成时 1.表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用 by,before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如: We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. By the end of last year they had turned out 5,000 bicycles. 2.动词 expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,suppose,wish,want,desire 等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如: I had meant to take a good holiday this year,but l wasn't able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是: (1)was/were+to have done sth,例如: We were to have come yesterday,but we couldn't. (2)intended(expected,hoped,meant,planned,supposed,wished,wanted,desired)+to have done sth.例如: I meant to have told you about it,but I forgot to do so. 3.过去完成时常用于以下固定句型: (1)hardly,scarcely, barely+过去完成时+when+过去时。例如: Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. (2)no sooner+过去完成时+than+过去时。例如: No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. (3)by(the end of)+过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如: The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon. 七、将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by(the time/the end of)+表示将来时间的短语或句子;before(the end of)+表示将来时间的短语或句子;when,after 等+表示将来动作的句子等。例如: By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. I shall have finished this composition before 9 o'clock. When we get on the railway station,the train will probably have left. 八、各种时态下的被动语态形式 一般现在时is/am/are done 一般过去时was/were done 一般将来时
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