形容词和副词

　　考纲要求：形容词（比较级和最高级）；副词（比较级和最高级）

　　命题规律：近几年高考对形容词和副词主要考查①形容词、副词的基本功能及在句子中的位置；②在特定的语境下选择恰当的词语；③形容词和副词的误用以及某些词的区别；④比较级的考查尤其是依据上下文隐含的比较。考查形式：单选，完型，改错。

　　知识点拨：

　　形容词

　　形容词的句法功能：形容词在句子中可作定语、表语、宾补、状语等。如：

　　My mother is a great woman.

　　The design of the high building is very beautiful.

　　The rain made the ground wet.

　　Curious, we went close to have a look at it.

　　All the pupils looked at the angry teacher, full of fear.

　　形容词作定语的位置：一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰的词前，但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰的词后面。① 形容词作定语修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。如：

　　There is nobody absent today.

　　I have something important to tell you.

　　以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于前有最高级形容词或very等词修饰的名词后面。如：

　　That is the best book available. That is the only solution possible.

　　成对的形容词可以后置。如：

　　There was a huge room, simple and beautiful.

　　当“形容词+介词/ 不定式”构成的短语作定语时，需要后置。如：

　　The teacher asked me a question too hard to answer.

　　当old, long, high, wide, deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时，需后置。如：

　　I saw a rope two meters long. = I saw a two-meter-long rope.

　　注意：多个形容词作定语时的顺序，常用顺序为：限定词（these, those, this,

　　that ,the,…）+ 数量形容词（three）+ 描绘性形容词（beautiful, nice, good,…）+ 大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large, long, high,…）+新旧（new, old ）+颜色（red）+国籍（Chinese）+材料（wooden）+ 用途（writing）+被修饰的名词（desk）。

　　考例1 This ____________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (2005 Beijing)

　　A. pretty little Spanish

　　B. Spanish little pretty

　　C. Spanish pretty little

　　D. little pretty Spanish

　　表语形容词：有些形容词只作表语，而通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid , alone,

　　awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, well, sorry, unable, sure, worth等。如：

　　The boy is still asleep.

　　The old man was alone in the house.

　　注意：① 上述形容词可作宾补。如：We found the snake still alive.

　　这类形容词若作定语，可作后置定语。如：He is the greatest poet alive.

　　这些形容词不可以直接much用修饰。如：very much alone非常孤单, fast asleep熟睡的, wide

　　awake十分清醒的, very much afraid很害怕的, greatly ashamed非常害羞的, well worth 很值得的

　　如果这类形容词本身带有副词来修饰时, 可以作前置定语。如：a fast asleep boy, the wide awake soldiers, a very shamed girl

　　形容词作状语：表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。如：He returned home, safe and sound.

　　考例2 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, __________. (2008 Beijing)

　　A. hungry and tiredly

　　B. hungry and tired

　　C. hungrily and tiredly

　　D. hungrily and tired

　　副词

　　副词主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句、名词、代词、数词等，也可以修饰整个句子。如：They are warmly welcomed by the students.

　　You are quite right.

　　Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well.

　　The arrow hit the apple right in the middle.

　　This is exactly what he said.

　　Actually, he is right.

　　副词也可以作表语、定语、补足语和介词的宾语。如：

　　All the lights are on.

　　Are you content with the life here?

　　We were shown around by the professor.

　　Please let him in.

　　It’s a long way from here to your school.

　　副词的位置：①修饰形容词和其他副词，一般位于被修饰词之前。如：

　　This is a very useful tool.

　　但注意 enough必须放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后。如：You are brave enough to put forward this question at the meeting. 另外，cannot与enough连用表示“越……越好，再……也不为过”。如：

　　You cannot remember enough English words.

　　考例3 Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way ________ to the Home Circle Building. (2006 Hunan) A. easy enough

　　B. enough easy

　　C. easily enough

　　D. enough easily

　　表示时间频度的副词always, often, usually, never等多放在行为动词前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。如：She often comes to see me.

　　She will always be remembered by us.

　　时间副词和地点副词同时出现，地点副词位于时间副词之前。如：

　　We came here yesterday.

　　形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

　　表示倍数的句型：

　　① A

　　… times as 形容词或副词的原级as B

　　② A

　　… times比较级 than B

　　③ A

　　… times the+ n. (size, length, width, depth, height, weight…) of B

　　④ A

　　… times that of B.

　　⑤ A

　　… times what 从句

　　This house is three times as big as that one.

　　This house is three times bigger than that one.

　　This house is three times the size of that one.

　　The output of cars in 2008 is six times that of 2002.

　　The output of cars in 2008 is six times what it was in 2002.

　　考例4 Ten years ago the population of our village was _________ that of theirs. (2008陕西)

　　A. as twice large as

　　B. twice as large as

　　C. twice as much as

　　D. as twice much as

　　同级比较常用as …as，否定为not so/as…as；有时也用the same…as, such…as引导。如：

　　Peter is as good a worker as Bob (is).

　　=Peter is such a good worker as Bob (is).

　　Henry doesn’t have so / as many books as I have.

　　His book is the same as his father’s

　　(book).

　　注意下列结构的含义：as soon as,

　　as far as,

　　as long as,

　　as well as,

　　as good as,

　　as…as possible,

　　as… as one can

　　①The +比较级……，the+比较级……表示“越……，就越……”。如：

　　The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.

　　考例5As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _________.

　　the more for life are you equipped

　　B. the more equipped for life you are

　　C. the more life you are equipped for

　　D. you are equipped the more for life

　　② 比较级+ and+ 比较级，表示越来越……。如：

　　The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.

　　③the+比较级+of the two + 名词，表示“两者中较……”。如：

　　The taller of the two boys is my brother.

　　考例6 Of the two coats, I’d choose the _________ one to spare some money for a book. (2007 Sichuan)

　　A. cheapest

　　B. cheaper

　　C. more expensive

　　D. most expensive

　　④否定+ 比较级= 最高级。如：He has never spent a more worrying day.

　　考例7 ----Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

　　---- Yes, I’ve never been to _________ one before. (2006 Sichuan)

　　A. a more excited

　　B. the most excited

　　C. a more exciting

　　D. the most exciting

　　4.比较的对象应该相同，且不能相互包容。如：

　　The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.

　　The radios made in our factory are better than those made in your factory.

　　China is larger than any other country in Asia.

　　5. ①能修饰比较级的词语常用的有：rather, much , still, even, far, any(否定或疑问句中), a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, by far, three times 等。如：She is a little taller than I .

　　A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

　　考例8 You’re driving too fast . Can you driving ____________? (2008宁夏,海南)

　　A. more slowly a bit

　　B. slowly a bit more

　　C. a bit more slowly

　　D. slowly more a bit

　　② 能修饰最高级的词常用的有：by far, much, ever, very, nearly, almost, by no means等。如：

　　This hat is the biggest ever.

　　He is by far the cleverest boy in the class.

　　6.有些形容词无比较级形式，不能被程度副词very修饰，但可以用quite修饰，常见的有：perfect, favorite, excellent, dead, alive, asleep, absent, present, impossible, correct, right , wrong, true, false等。而senior,

　　junior, superior, inferior, prior等也无比较级，如果要表示比较后常用介词to而非than。如：You are quite right.

　　She is several years senior to me.

　　7. 英语中有的副词兼有两种形式，一种是与形容词同形，另一种是在形容词后加词缀构成。这两种副词在用法上有一定的差异。常见的有：free免费地，freely无拘无束地；high具体地点上高高地，highly程度上高度地；wide宽阔地，widely广泛地；close具体位置上靠近，closely仔细地,密切地；deep深，deeply深刻地，深入地； late晚，迟, lately近来，最近; near邻近，附近, nearly几乎; most最，十分, mostly主要地; easy从容地, easily容易地；hard努力地hardly几乎不。

　　考例9 It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ________ to her mother.

　　A. close

　　B. closely

　　C. closed

　　D. closing

　　8.

　　more + 形容词原级+than 形容词原级, 表示 “与其说……不如……”。如：

　　He is more lazy than stupid.

　　9. “no/not + 比较级+ than” 的含义, 如：

　　A is no more careful than B .

　　A 和B 都不仔细.

　　A is no less careful than B.

　　A 和B 都很仔细.

　　A is not more careful than B.

　　A 不如B 仔细.

　　A is not less careful than B.

　　A 的仔细程度不输于B.

　　10. 注意比较级结构中的省略现象，在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。:如：

　　---- What do you think of this film?

　　---- I have never seen a better one (than this film).

　　The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good (as the ones in this shop).

　　考例10 I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times __________. (2008 Zhejiang)

　　as much

　　B. as many

　　C. so much

　　D. so many

　　考例11 Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as , if _________ , Miss Liu. (2007Shanxi)

　　A. not better than

　　B not better

　　C. no better than

　　D. no better

　　形容词与副词考点--高考题回顾

　　Ⅰ改错: 1.(2017课标卷) I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. __________

　　2. (2017陕西卷) We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. ________________

　　3. (2017重庆) Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. ____________________

　　4. (2017辽宁) Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. ______________________

　　5. (2010辽宁)She was , in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed to care what the rest of us thought about her. ______________________

　　6. (2008辽宁) It was indeed not easy to get in touch with everyone and set a well time for all of us. __________

　　7. (2007辽宁) It fell noisily to the floor seconds late, spreading its contents on the carpet. _______________

　　8. (2006辽宁)① Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. ___________

　　② She was usual patient with her students._____________________

　　形容词与副词考点---高考题回顾Ⅱ单选(2010—2017)

　　1. We used to see each other _______, but I haven’t heard from him since last year.

　　A. especially

　　B. regularly

　　C. particularly

　　D. approximately

　　2. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much ___________.

　　A. the best

　　B. best

　　C. better

　　D. the better

　　3. Next to biology, I like physics _________.

　　A. better

　　B. best

　　C. the better

　　D. very well

　　4. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs_________.

　　A. some

　　B. less

　　C. much

　　D. more

　　5. Be __________ --- you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time.

　　A. reasonable

　　B. confident

　　C. creative

　　D. grateful

　　6. The dog may be a good companion for the old. ________ , the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.

　　A. Besides

　　B. However

　　C. Therefore

　　D. Instead

　　7. The secretary arranged a (an) __________ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.

　　A. important

　　B. spare

　　C. public

　　D. convenient

　　8. The research lacks ________ evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.

　　A. solid

　　B. fierce

　　C. severe

　　D. potential

　　9. Interest is as ________ to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.

　　A. vital

　　B. available

　　C. specific

　　D. similar

　　10. Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis often thought to be the richest woman in the world. ________, her personal wealth seems rather small.

　　A. Besides

　　B. Otherwise

　　C. However

　　D. Altogether

　　11. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be _______ respected.

　　A. especially

　　B. equally

　　C. naturally

　　D. normally

　　12. ---- Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?

　　---- Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still ________.

　　A. available

　　B. affordable

　　C. acceptable

　　D. valuable

　　13. Bicycling is good exercise; _________, it does not pollute the air.

　　A. nevertheless

　　B. besides

　　C. otherwise

　　D. therefore

　　14. “ Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested __________ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.

　　A. tentatively

　　B. thoughtlessly

　　C. definitely

　　D. rudely

　　15. Can you tell the ________ difference between the words “ require” and “ request”? I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.

　　A. dramatic

　　B. regional

　　C. apparent

　　D. subtle

　　16. Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained ________; people are still looking for other possible solutions.

　　A. unchallenged

　　B. relevant

　　C. controversial

　　D. contradictory

　　17. The hotel is almost finished , but it ________ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.

　　A. only

　　B. also

　　C. even

　　D. still

　　18. I make $ 2,000 a week. 60 surely won’t make ________ difference to me.

　　A. that a big

　　B. a that big

　　C. big a that

　　D. that big a

　　19. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is ________ another to play it well yourself.

　　A. quite

　　B. very

　　C. rather

　　D. much

　　20. --- The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.

　　---- Why? It’s _______ than the films I have ever seen.

　　A. far more interesting

　　B. much less interesting

　　C. no more interesting

　　D. any less interesting

　　21. The house was too expensive and too big. _______ , I’d grown fond of our little rented house.

　　A. Besides

　　B. Therefore

　　C. Somehow

　　D. Otherwise

　　22. She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too _______ about her job.

　　A. special

　　B. responsible

　　C. unusual

　　D. particular

　　23. The professor could tell by the _______ look in Maria’s eye that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture.

　　A. cold

　　B. blank

　　C. innocent

　　D. fresh

　　24. An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always ______.

　　A. practical

　　B. avoidable

　　C. permanent

　　D. beneficial

　　25. ________, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

　　A. Hopefully

　　B. Normally

　　C. Thankfully

　　D. Conveniently

　　26. Jim went to answer the phone. _______ , Harry started to prepare lunch.

　　A. However

　　B. Nevertheless

　　C. Besides

　　D. Meanwhile

　　27. We only had $ 100 and that was _________ to buy a new computer.

　　A. nowhere near enough

　　B. near enough nowhere

　　C. enough near nowhere

　　D. near nowhere enough

　　28. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ______.

　　A. popular

　　B. more popular

　　C. most popular

　　D. the most popular

　　29. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ________ journey.

　　A. three hour

　　B. a three-hours

　　C. a three-hour

　　D. three hours

　　30. Studies show that people are more ________ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.

　　A. likely

　　B. possible

　　C. probable

　　D. sure

　　31. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I _________ said errors like this could be avoided.

　　A. merely

　　B. mostly

　　C. rarely

　　D. nearly

　　32. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _______ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.

　　A. heavy

　　B. smooth

　　C. flexible

　　D. complex

　　33. Usually John would be late for meetings. But this time , ________ to my surprise, he arrived on time.

　　A. little

　　B. much

　　C. ever

　　D. even

　　34. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost _______ his.

　　A. as much twice as

　　B. twice as much as

　　C. much as twice as

　　D. as twice much as

　　35. It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting _________ .

　　A. too much long

　　B. much too long

　　C. long too much

　　D. too long much

　　36. The house still needed a lot of work, but ____________ the kitchen was finished.

　　A. instead

　　B. altogether

　　C. at once

　　D. at least

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