语法 1.条件状语从句 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。引导条件状语从句的词或词组有if,unless,so (as) long as(只要),in case (万一),on condition that (条件是),suppose/supposing (假设,用于问句),provided/providing(that)(假如,如果)等。 例句:As long as you don’t lose heart,you will succeed. 只要你不灰心,你就会成功。 In case I forget,please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了,请提醒我所作的承诺。 Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们,我们该向谁求助呢? 知识要点 注意: (1)unless在意义上相当于if...not,而且语气较强,也一般不用于虚拟语气。 例句:Unless the weather was bad, my father always used to take a walk in the evening. 过去的时候,除非天气不好,我的父亲晚上总是去散步。 (2)如果从句由if或unless引导,又有连系动词be,条件状语从句可用省略形式。 例句:Come tomorrow if possible. 可能的话就明天来吧。 If so, you must go back and get it. 如果这样的话,你必须回去把它拿来。 还有如if in need(如果需要),if necessary(如果必要)等用法。 知识要点 (3)if 引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符,应用虚拟语气。 例句:If it rained tomorrow,we should stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①I was advised to arrange for insurance _______ I needed medical treatment. A.nevertheless B.although C.in case D.so that 【解析】in case “以防,万一”,引导条件状语从句,符合题干意思。句意为:有人建议我入保险,以备医疗需求。 【答案】C 知识要点 ②_______ he works hard,I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. A.As soon as B.As well as C.So far as D.So long as 【解析】考查so/as long as引导条件状语从句。句意为:只要他肯下工夫,我不在乎他什么时候能完成这个实验。as soon as “一……就……”;as well as也,又;so far as “就……而言”。 【答案】D 知识要点 ③A small car is big enough for a family of three _______ you need more space for luggage. A.once B.because C.in case D.unless 【解析】考查连词的用法辨析。once“一旦”,引导条件状语从句;because“因为”,引导原因状语从句;in case“以防万一”,引导条件状语从句;unless“除非”,引导条件状语从句。句意为:一辆小汽车对于一个三口之家足够了,除非需要更多的空间放行李。根据题意,可知答案为D。 【答案】D 知识要点 ④________ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A.If B.Since C.Though D.When 【解析】if引导虚拟条件句,意为“如果”。根据其时态可判断出表示过去非真实情况。这句话的意思是“如果约翰的腿没有受伤,他会赢得这次赛跑”。since引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句,表示“自从”或“因为”;though引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。 【答案】A 知识要点 2. 让步状语从句 (1)让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下,主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由连词though,although,as(虽然,尽管),even if/though,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however,no matter who(what,which,when,where,how),whether...or (not),while(尽管)等引导。 知识要点 (2)though,although这两个连词用法基本一样,只是前者口语化,后者较正式,常位于句首,都不与but 连用,但可以和yet,still连用。 例句:Though they lack official support,they continue their struggle. 他们虽然没有得到官方的支持,但仍继续奋斗。 Although they have been talking for a long time,he cannot make her believe him. 虽然他们谈了半天,他还是不能使她信任他。 知识要点 (3)whatever (whoever,whichever,whenever...)/no matter what (who,which,when...)引出的让步状语从句意义上无明显差别,常译成汉语“无论……”。 例句:Whoever (No matter who) wants to speak to me on the phone,tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙着呢。 Wherever (No matter where) you go,I’m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里,我都依然在这里等着你。 知识要点 (4)as引导让步状语从句,从句部分用倒装语序,句型为:形容词/副词/名词(不带冠词)/动词(原形)+as+主语+谓语。 例句:Try as I might,I couldn’t lift the stone. 尽管我试了,我还是搬不动那块儿石头。 Late as it was,they continued to study. 时间尽管不早了,他们仍继续学习。 Youngest as he is in our class,he studies very well. 尽管他是我们班年龄最小的,但学习却非常好。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 他尽管是个孩子,却知道的很多。 (5)whether...or (not)...可引导让步状语从句。 例句:Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你信不信,这都是真的。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①_______ we could afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our holidays. A.Even B.If C.Even if D.Even as 【解析】even if用以引导让步状语从句,意为“即使”。注意不能只用even,因为它是副词,不是连词。句意为:即使我们能负担得起去国外度假的费用,我们也不会去。 【答案】C 知识要点 ②She waited, ________, for no explanation. A.however B.still C.but D.yet 【解析】however用作副词,意为“不过,但是,可是(=in spite of this)”,常插入句中,也可置于句首或句尾。 【答案】A 知识要点 ③_______, he is still as modest as before,which always moves all the people who know him. A.As he is a scientist B.A scientist as he is C.Scientist as he is D.As is he a scientist 【解析】考查as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序的用法。当作表语的是单数可数名词时,不用冠词。 【答案】C 知识要点 ④_______ great achievements the world may have in the future,the part China will play can’t be left out. A.If B.Whatever C.Whichever D.However 【解析】考查让步状语从句。whatever“无论什么,不管什么”。句意为:无论将来世界取得什么大成就,中国发挥的作用都不容忽视。 【答案】B Thank you ! 必修4 Module 3
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