知识要点 同类辨析 close与closely close既可作动词、形容词,还可作副词,作副词主要指从距离上来说比较近;closely作副词主要指程度,“紧密地,紧紧地,仔细地”。 例句:Don’t stand so close to her. 别站得离她那么近。 The boy followed his mother closely. 那男孩紧跟着他母亲。 知识要点 【链接训练】 They’re ________ each other and talking ________ . A.close to;closely B.close to;close C.closely to;closely D.closely;close 【解析】be close to表示空间或距离上“很近”,而closely用作副词表示抽象意义,意为“密切地,紧密地”。根据句意选A。 【答案】A 知识要点 要点三
句型 1.The bottom ten countries are all African countries,with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. 处于最后的10个国家均是非洲国家,赛拉利昂(西非)排在最后。 “with+复合宾语”表示伴随情况、方式、原因、时间或条件等,在句中除作状语外,还可作定语。 知识要点 归纳拓展 (1)“with+名词/代词+名词”在句中作定语或状语。 (2)“with+名词/代词+形容词”在句中常作状语。 (3)“with+名词/代词+副词”在句中常作状语。 (4)“with+名词/代词+介词短语”在句中常作状语或定语。 (5)“with+名词/代词+现在分词”在句中常作状语。其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。 (6)“with+名词/代词+过去分词”,在句中作状语,其中过去分词表示被动的动作。 (7)“with+名词/代词+动词不定式”在句中常作状语。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。 知识要点 例句:He went out into the dark street with a stick in his hand.他走进漆黑的街道,手里拿着一根木棍。 He is used to sleeping with the windows open. 他习惯于开着窗子睡觉。 He went out with all the lights on. 他开着灯就出去了。 He died with his son yet a school boy. 他死的时候,他的儿子还是一个学生。 We found her house easily with the little boy leading the way. 由这个小男孩带路,我们很容易地找到了她的家。 With all the things she needed bought,she went home happily. 买了所需要的东西后,她高兴地回家了。 With so many things to deal with,I can’t go on holiday. 有这么多的事要处理,我不能去度假。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①With water _________ constantly,the brave soldier jumped into the river to save the drowning villager. A.to rise B.rising C.risen D.rose 【解析】该空表示“正在上升”,因此应填现在分词rising,构成“with+n.+现在分词”结构作伴随状语。A、C、D不能体现这一含义,故被排除掉。 【答案】B 知识要点 ②They usually give the show in the open,with the villagers _________ on benches,chairs or simply stones. A.having seated B.seating C.seated D.being seated 【解析】考查“with+n.+非谓语动词”的结构。with the villagers...在此处作伴随状语,表示状态。seat的用法为seat sb.或sb. be seated,故选C项。 【答案】C 知识要点 ③With exports ________ a big role in its economic growth,China has been affected by the current financial storm. A.playing B.to play C.played D.play 【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意为:由于出口在经济发展中占很大比重,因此当前的金融风暴一直影响着中国。export与play之间存在逻辑上的主动关系,故排除C、D两项;而B项表将来动作,故被排除;A项表主动且进行,故为正确答案。 【答案】A 知识要点 2. Beijing doesn’t have as many freeways as Sydney does. 北京没有悉尼那么多的高速公路。 as many freeways as Sydney does为比较状语从句,as many...as“和……一样多,有……之多”。 as...as 结构同级比较的形式有: (1)as+adj./adv.+as (2)as+adj.+可数名词复数或不可数名词+as (3)as+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数形式+as 知识要点 注意: (1)同级比较的否定式为 not as/so...as...。 (2)同级比较可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等。 (3)此结构中第二个 as 可为连词也可为介词,作连词可引导一个比较状语从句,从句常用省略;作介词时,后接名词,也可接数量词表示某性质达到了什么程度。 知识要点 例句:Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。 We walked as far as the lake last night. 昨晚我们散步远到湖边。 You must give flowers as much water as they need.你必须给花浇足够多的水。 Teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 教育是一门科学,更是一门艺术。 He owed as many thanks to his parents as(he owed)to his teachers. 他同样地感谢他的父母和老师。 He is not so friendly to me as(I am)to him. 他对我不像我对他那样友好。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①Scientists generally agree that Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since Ice Age. A.so long as B.as much as C.as long as D.as well as 【解析】这是一个表示同级比较的比较状语从句,比较的对象是上升的温度。句意为:科学家普遍认为,在未来的50年到100年间,气候将要变暖,其幅度相当于自冰川期至现在两万年间的气候变化。 【答案】B 知识要点 ②As is reported, Russia uses ________ energy as the whole of South America. A.as twice B.twice much C.twice much as D.twice as much 【解析】此题使用的倍数的表达方式为“倍数+as+adj.原级+不可数名词+as”。 【答案】D 知识要点 要点四
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