The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes, finance must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax revenue (税收) is relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.

　　4．In the passage “labor force” is defined as ___________.

　　A．people who are available to work and earn income

　　B．self-employed people only

　　C．people who are looking for an employment

　　D．employers who create job opportunities

　　．The conclusion which can be drawn from the second paragraph is that___________.

　　A．a natural growth of population leads to a balanced workforce

　　B．a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce

　　C．the larger the population, the higher the proportion of the workforce

　　D．the workforce will be lower, if the population has a balanced age distribution，

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