The American system has three kinds of juries.The most common one is the petit jury.“Petit”—p-e-t-i-t—comes from the French word for small.Petit juries can have as few as five or six members or as many as twelve.Twelve is traditionally the number in a criminal case.

　　Often a jury trial will last only a day or two.But some go for weeks or even months.

　　During a trial，lawyers for the opposing sides question the witnesses who testify.The lawyers also make opening and closing statements to the jury.At the end，the judge makes a final statement to the jury.The judge explains the laws that govern the decision the jury is asked to make.

　　The jury then deliberates.The members meet in private，choose a leader and try to agree on a judgment.Most states require all the jurors in a criminal case to agree on the verdict(裁决)．

　　Sometimes a jury is unable to reach a verdict.This is called a hung jury.The judge declares a mistrial(无效审判)．Prosecutors then have to decide whether to try the case again.

　　A grand jury is bigger than a petit jury.The United States has two kinds of grand juries.The charging grand jury decides if there is enough evidence to bring someone to trial.If the jury decides there is，then it returns an indictment(公诉书)．

　　The second kind is the investigative grand jury.Officials often call this kind of grand jury together in cases of organized crime or suspected corruption by public officials.The jurors are asked to approve efforts to gather evidence，often secretly，to build a case.

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