The results are based on the findings of a two-year study of a cross-section of the British population，which examined the effects of ageing on the cardiovascular system(心血管系统)．

　　Professor Goldspink and a team of scientists at the university’s Research Unit for Human Development and Ageing examined more than 250 men and women between the age 18 and 80.

　　None of the volunteers had a habit of weekly exercise and all were considered to have low fitness levels，but were otherwise healthy.Each volunteer underwent five hours of tests to measure their blood pressure and the performance of their hearts while at rest and while they exercised on a treadmill(跑步机)．

　　The researchers found that the large arteries(大动脉)in the body became stiffer and less elastic(富有弹性的)with age，causing increased blood pressure.Blood flow to the muscles and skin of the limbs was also found to decrease.These changes were found to occur earlier in men，but women caught up much later.

　　1．Why do women live longer than men？(no more than 5 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．According to David，between the age 18 and 70，as women get older，how does the power

　　of their hearts change？(no more than 5 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

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