“Not so，”say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to research into the reasons why people didn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency(紧急情况). Suppose you see a middle-ged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma(昏迷) from a headache? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak(漏洞)in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”？Or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible(负责任的). He must feel that he must help, or the person won't get the help he needs.

　　The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested.” Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The researchers started them off on the “tests.” Then they went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into which they went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of bookshelves falling and a cry for help. All of this had been prerecorded on a tape recorder.

　　Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.

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