③有些不及物动词和短语动词,如break out,add up,happen,occur,spread,take place,belong to等本身就含有汉语译文中所表达的被动意义。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1978. 1978年以来我们家乡发生了巨大变化。 The Second World War broke out in September 1939. 1939年9月爆发了第二次世界大战。 ④某些动词(短语)和句型中:need/want/require doing sth.,be worth doing,be to blame等。 The computer requires/wants/needs repairing. 电脑需要修理了。 (3)被动结构表示主动含义。 get married结婚;be addicted to sth.沉溺于;be seated坐着;be lost in thought沉思着;be devoted to sth.投身于,专注于;be
interested in sth.对某事物感兴趣;be surprised感到吃惊。 They got married last month. 他们上个月结婚了。 All of them are interested in English.他们都对英语感兴趣。
2.常用被动语态的5个固定句型。 (1)It is believed/said/reported/hoped/supposed that... 据信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为…… (2)It must be pointed out that...必须指出…… (3)It is generally considered that...一般认为…… (4)It is well known that...大家都知道…… (5)It must
be admitted that...必须承认……
四、4种特殊句式的考查 1.在句型“It is/has been+一段时间+since从句”中,since从句中使用一般过去时。但要注意如果since从句的谓语动词为延续性动词时,则表示从该动作结束时算起;如果since从句的谓语动词为非延续性动词时,词义和句意相同。 It is/has been three years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住已有三年了。(从居住结束算起) It is/has been three years since he joined the Party. 他入党已有三年了。 2.在句型“This/It/That is the first(second,etc.)time+that从句”中,that从句使用现在完成时。 This is the second time that I have visited Beijing this year. 这是我今年第二次参观北京。 3.by the time从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时;by the time从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。 By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the country. 你收到这封信时,我已离开这个国家了。 By the time he arrived at the station,the train had left. 他到达车站时,火车已离开了。
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