Laura Justice in Ohio State was an investigator for the study. She heaads the Preschool Language and Literacy Laboratory. She says one of the areas that interests researchers is known as the “locus of learning”．“Where is it that a child learns something? Where is that space? We think we have identified it pretty well in terms of fostering (助长) some children’s knowledge about print.” says Laura Justice. She also says this knowledge can be gained by having focused discussions when reading a book to a child. Laura Justice says, “We think we understand how information about print is transmitted from the adult to the child. And we think we have centered on this intervention that really helps adults center on the things that children need and want to learn.”

　　There are different ways that teachers and parents can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word, “This is ‘dog’．” They can discuss the meaning of the print or how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print — for instance, showing how words are written left to right in English.

　　7．When reading storybooks to their children, parents usually ________．er

　　C．tell some background information first

　　D．ask some questions about the stories

　　8．Shayne Piasta suggests that preschool teachers should ________．discuss the printed words and letters

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