Professor Paul Bloom，a psychologist at Yale University，said：“A growing body of evidence suggests that humans do have a moral sense from the very start of life.With the help of well designed experiments，you can see moral judgment and moral feeling even in the first year of life.”For one study，Professor Paul Bloom got babies aged between six months and a year to watch a puppet show in which a simple，colorful wooden shape with eyes tries to climb a hill.Sometimes the shape is helped up the hill by a second toy，while other times a third character pushes it down.In another experiment，the researchers invented a ‘one­act morality play’，in which a toy dog tries to open a box.The dog is joined by a teddy bear who helps him lift the lid，and another teddy bear who sits on the box.After watching these shows several times，the babies showed a strong preference to helpful good characters—the one who helped to climb the hill and the one who helped to open the box—and refused unhelpful bad ones.Some babies even gave their own punishment with a hit on the bad puppet's head.

　　Although the studies appear to show that morality is hard­wired into babies' brains，some psychologists urged caution.Dr Nadja Reissland said “The babies might just prefer to see things go up rather than down.In the second test，perhaps the bear closes the box to prevent the dog from getting in there because there is something dangerous inside.It is like a mother keeping children out of an area where there is something harmful.”

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