As a result，the researchers say they believe it should be made compulsory that anyone selling smartphones should warn customers of their potentially addictive properties.

　　Dr Hussain said，“The study informs us about smartphone overuse and the impact on psychological well­being.We now use smartphones on a daily basis and for various tasks，so being aware of the psychological effects is very important.There are various smartphone apps such as Facebook，Twitter，Instagram and Candy Crush，as well as Skype that make smartphone use psychologically more attractive and can lead to addiction.”

　　The study also revealed the average user spent 3.6 hours per day on the device，and when the participants were asked if they used their phone in banned areas,35 percent answered yes.

　　Social networking sites were the most popularly used apps—87 percent，followed by instant messaging apps —52 percent，and then news apps —51 percent.

　　Relationships were also noted in the research as，despite 46.8 percent of participants speaking positively of improved social relations，nearly a quarter admitted their smartphones create communication issues within“real life”．

　　Professor James Elander，Head of the Centre for Psychological Research at the University of Derby，said，“This study is a very timely one with many potential impacts，and the findings show that users should be more aware of how they are using their smartphones and of the potential risks of excessive use.”

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