4．B　解析：文章结构题。本文的第一段为导语，导入讨论的话题。第二、三段陈述了斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck的主要观点：反对人人获奖。下文(第四段至第七段)陈述的是纽约市威尔康奈尔医学院的心理学教授Kenneth Barish的观点，即赞成人人获奖。因此B项清晰地展示了本文的结构。

　　B

　　(2015·合肥高三质检)Scientists in UK have grown a living human “brain”．The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.

　　They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinson's disease.Professor Michael Coleman is leading the research program.He explained, “We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system.Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works.” The experiment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour(肿瘤) and making them behave like brain cells.

　　Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work.This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the brain.Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said，“It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (痴呆)．”

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