Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The dos and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

　　The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.

　　41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to

　　.

　　A. introduce a topic

　　B. present an argument

　　C. describe the characters

　　D. clarify his writing purpose

　　42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it

　　.

　　A. breaks up relationships

　　B. embarrasses the listener

　　C. spreads information around

　　D. causes unpleasant experiences

　　43.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it

　　.

　　A. gives them a feeling of pleasure

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