A placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsule．Even though they have no medicine in them , these things seem to make people well．The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better．How does this happen?

　　The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself．It is as if there was a doctor in each of us．The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it．But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body．Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself．These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine，then it will act as if it did，and the body will feel better．

　　Placebos do not always work．The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor．If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient，then the placebo is more likely to work．So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all．

　　A placebo can also have bad effects．If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine，then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo．This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body．Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used．They think there is still not enough known about it．

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