句子中that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful是两个并列的that引导的宾语从句, 作动词explain的宾语。一个动词若带两个宾语从句, 第二个引导词that一般不省略。例如:

　　The girls told him (that) they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.

　　姑娘们告诉他, 她们乘火车来旅游, 要横穿加拿大, 在蒙特利尔待一天。

　　I understand not only (that) you have studied Chinese but also that you have written Chinese poetry.

　　我知道, 你不仅学了中文, 而且还写中文诗。

　　2. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

　　我立刻感到很高兴, 由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去, 我望着（身后的）地球越来越小, 而（前方的）月球越来越大。

　　watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger是现在分词短语, 在句中作状语。

　　cheer (sb. ) up: (cause sb. to) become happier or more cheerful欢呼; 喝彩; 感到高兴; 使高兴

　　Try and cheer up a bit; life isn’t that bad!

　　想办法高兴点, 生活并不是那么糟！

　　The crowd cheered up when they saw the team arrive.

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