The experts found that driving a car turned out to be the most common source of traffic exposure.However，using public transportation and riding a bicycle were also other forms of traffic exposure.The researchers reported that 8% of all heart attack cases were specifically linked to having been in traffic.In general，time spent in any type of transportation in traffic was associated with a more than 3 times higher risk of experiencing a heart attack within the first hour immediately following the exposure.

　　The team has also found that women，elderly men，patients who were unemployed，and those with a history of angina (心绞痛) appeared to be particularly sensitive and were affected the most by traffic.Female participants，in fact，were more likely to have a 5 times greater risk of a heart attack following such exposure，compared to men.

　　【文章大意】　德国的一项新研究发现，陷入交通堵塞和患心脏病之间有很大联系。

　　12．The underlined word in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________.

　　A．directions

　　B．effects

　　C．tendencies

　　D．causes

　　解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段的内容和第三段中的“driving a car turned out to be the most common source of traffic exposure”“8% of all heart attack cases were specifically linked to having been in traffic”以及最后一段中的“greater risk of a heart attack following such exposure”可推知，trigger意为“诱因”，与cause同义。

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