B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

　　C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

　　D．Buying new cars to replace super­dirty old cars.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓励人们拼车，扩大和改进公共交通运输体系等。故选B。

　　Ⅱ.阅读七选五

　　(2016·唐山市高三一模)Smoggy weather has become common in China. But these days, air pollution levels in the northeastern city of Harbin surpassed the previous record levels.

　　The city was essentially shut down after PM2.5, fine particulate (微粒的) pollution that is considered dangerous, reached levels of 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter — __1__. Schools, motorways and an airport were closed on Tuesday as visibility in some areas of the city dropped to less than 10 meters.

　　__2___. It stated that there is “sufficient evidence” that exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung cancer. __3__. Moreover, it's said that exposure has increased significantly particularly in “rapidly industrial countries with large populations”．

　　On the Chinese social media site Weibo, many users complained about the pollution and shared their concerns. __4__. Nowadays, there is a sarcastic play on the expression “serve the people”， as the two have a similar pronunciation.

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