独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语,通常由名词或代词来充当,放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语,独立主格结构不是句子,一般放在句首或句末,充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如:
Winter having come, it’s getting colder and colder.
The homework finished,the child went home.
His leg badiy hurt,he had to stay in bed.
Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace.
She lay against the wall,the sun shinning upon her.
从例句可以看出,独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物,因此,分词前的名词或代词不能省略。
独立主格结构也可以由“with/without + 名词或代词 + 分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如:
The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon.
With his parents away, the boy became naughtier.
The teacher came into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand).
She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被动,状态)
She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主动,正在)
With you to help me , I could do it better. (主动,将来)
With a lot of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被动,完成)
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