In a study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but deal with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done.

　　Stress that you can manage also promote immune（免疫的）function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control. They had to sit through a bloody video on surgical procedures. Those who did the memory test had an increase levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody（抗体）that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. However, the video-watchers experienced a fall in the antibody.

　　Stress encourage body to produce certain stress hormones（荷尔蒙）. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.

　　“Continuous stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on one’s life, “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief experience of stress that could be protective.”

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