Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic (变异). But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents’ son. In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two murders and helped convict another man.

　　DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples. The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person’s privacy. That includes a person’s medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. “There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person’s paternity(父子关系) or risk of disease,” Jeffrey said.

　　DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Still, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey estimates the probability of two individuals’ DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at one in a billion.

　　68. According to the text, DNA testing can NOT be used in _______ .

　　A. doing criminal investigations

　　B. deciding family law

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