The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”

　　46. What do we know about John?

　　A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.

　　B. He had few childhood playmates.

　　C. He received little love from his family.

　　D. He was envied by others in his childhood.

　　47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.

　　A. a description of personal values and social values

　　B. an analysis of how work was related to competence

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