2017届高考英语牛津版一轮复习语法考点专练课件：2 非谓语动词_高考复习指南

2017届高考英语牛津版一轮复习语法考点专练课件：2 非谓语动词

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　　√ √ √ √ 知识清单知识清单二　分词、不定式作补语的用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 1.感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice的宾补有两种情况:①当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时,需用动词原形(即不带to 的不定式)及doing(现在分词一般主动式)。不带to 的不定式表完成,doing 形式表正在进行;②当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时,需用过去分词及being done(现在分词一般被动式),过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性,being done表正在进行。如: I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。(主动,正在进行) I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yes- terday. 昨天经过一个小女孩的房间时,我听见她正在唱英文歌。(被动,正在进行) I'd like to see the plan carried out. 我想看到这个计划被执行。(被动,没有一定的时间性) 注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态。如: I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. 我低头看了一眼我的脖子,发现我的项链不见了。(不及物动词,表状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. 发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。(不及物动词,表完成) 2.使役动词let后接复合宾语时,有两种情况: (1)let+宾语+do　让……做…… (2)let+宾语+be done　让……被做 Don't let your child play with matches. 别让你的孩子玩火柴。 My father's just had his operation and the doctor won't let me see him yet. 我父亲刚动过手术,医生还不允许我去看他。 Let the work be done immediately. 工作要马上去做。 leave 如: It's wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直运转着是不对的。(主动,正在进行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didn't taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动,因为它们不可口。(被动,完成) 3.leave 后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,意为“使……处于某种状态”。 He left,leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了,留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。(主动,将来) We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来) 4.have,get后可以接动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词三种形式作宾语补足语,have,get表示“使、让、叫”之意。 (1)have sth.done=get sth.done 使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)。如: I'll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。此外,have sth.done还表示“使……遭受……”之意。如: Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。 Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 史密斯先生在度假期间,家被盗了。 (2) 如: The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。注意:have sb.doing常用于否定句中,其中have有“容忍”之意。如: I won't have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。 (3) 使/让/叫某人去做某事　如: Mother had me go/got me to go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。二、某些动词及动词词组后接不定式作补足语,即“动词/动词词组+sb.+to do” 常见的有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,in- vite,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等。如: You are not allowed to smoke here. 此处不允许吸烟。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。三、注意下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语,它们是:sb./sth.be said/believed/ known/reported/considered/found/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done。如: He is said to have gone abroad. (=It is said that he has gone abroad.) 据说,他出国了。 Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 热能被看做是一种能量。四、不定式、现在分词作补语小窍门下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to: 它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使 (make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel)。以上动词除let,make外还可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语,此外find,catch, keep,leave也可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语。如: I hate to see you leave so soon. 我不愿意看到你这么早就离开。 Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 听见有人上楼了。 At that time,I found him crying in the street. 在那时,我发现他在街上大哭。 I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 对不起让你等这么长时间。 He was caught stealing. 他正在偷东西时被抓住了。知识清单三　不定式、分词作定语的用法要点一、不定式作定语 1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。如: The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如: He had no money and no place to live(in). 他没钱,也没有安居之所。 2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较: Have you got anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”) Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”) 3.用不定式作定语的几种情况: (1)不定式表将来。如: The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 (2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如: He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在这届奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 (3)被修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式,常见的有:ability,chance,idea,fact,ex- cuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。如: Do you have the ability to read and write in English? 你具备用英语读写的能力吗? I have no chance to go sightseeing. 我没有机会外出观光。二、分词作定语 1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:v.-ing、being+过去分词和过去分词。当被修饰的名词与动词为主动关系时,用v.-ing;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。如: The houses being built are for the teachers. 正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。(被动,正在进行) “Things lost never come again!”I couldn't help talking to myself.我不禁自言自语道:“覆水难收啊!”(被动,完成) 2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:v.-ing 和过去分词。v.-ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如: 三、不定式to be done形式、过去分词和现在分词being done形式作定语的区别不定式to be done形式表被动、将来;过去分词表被动、完成;现在分词being done形式表被动、正在进行。如: Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 你读过狄更斯的小说吗?(表被动、完成) Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students. 听!现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。(表被动、正在进行) The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one. 明天将要在会上讨论的问题非常重要。(表被动、将来) 知识清单四　不定式、动名词作宾语的用法要点一、下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer, promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。如: She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 当我经过时,她假装没看见我。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. 我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。二、下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。 consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy (想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid, imagine,risk;can't help,mind,allow/permit,escape。此外,be used to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay at- tention to,can't stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,be busy(in),have diffi- culty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。如: He got well prepared for the job interview,for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity. 他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意四、在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如下所示: allow/permit/forbid/advise 如: Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke. 这里禁止吸烟,但你可以吸。 We don't allow smoking in the hall. 我们不准在大厅内吸烟。五、动词need,require,want 作“需要”讲时,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要被做。这时动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外,need, require,want后可以接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语,表示 “需要/想要/要求某人做某事”。如下所示: need/require/want(需要) be worth be worthy 如: The window needs/requires/wants