For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test－giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn't. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.

　　Researchers have found that it's kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That's because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie梐nd lie successfully梚s t thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”， or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.

　　()11.The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”．()12.From______.

　　A. which factors can reduce lying

　　B. why some lie more than others

　　C. it is normal for kids to tell lies

　　D. how lying changes as kids grow

　　()13. It can be inferred from the passage that ________．as adults’

　　B. the better kids are, the more they lie

　　C. the older kids are, the more they lie

　　D. kids never keep the truth in their mind

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