Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connection of the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable. Early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems (图腾)before carrying them into battle. They believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.

　　These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked: The king of China around 1008 B.C. was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.

　　1. The best title for the passage would be_________________

　　A. Uses of Flags

　　B. Power of the National Flag

　　C. Type of Flags

　　D. Development of the National Flag

　　2. The earliest flags were connected with heavenly power because_____________

　　A. they could tell wind direction

　　B. they could bring good luck to fighters

　　C. they were believed to stand for natural forces.

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