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　　This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.

　　2)Brilliant advances

　　One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.

　　39

　　Today it's half second.

　　3 )Let's not kill ourselves for climate change

　　40

　　A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血带) around our necks.

　　Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence.

　　Overreaction to climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.

　　Shopping fuels invention.

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