In other words, it’s a bad cycle.

　　A second study, presented by Dr. Tony Goldstone, showed the brain’s orbitofrontal cortex(眶额叶皮质)may play a big role in how people make food choices. This area deals with the “value” of a food, Goldstone said—i. e. how rewarding or pleasurable it will be to eat.

　　Study participants were asked to eat nothing overnight. In the morning they were given a breakfast of about 700 calories and shown photos of food while connected to an MRI machine. They were asked to eat nothing again before another visit; the following morning they were not given breakfast and then shown the same photos.

　　The starving participants’ orbitofrontal cortices were activated when they were shown photos of high-calorie food. Their reaction was less strong after they had eaten breakfast.

　　The research suggests fasting or dieting increases the brain’s desire for high-calorie food.

　　“That’s one of the reasons it’s so difficult to keep weight off, ”Goldstone said.

　　The good news is that research is on going to find ways to block our brains’ love of unhealthy food. Two studies presented at the conference analyzed the effect of drugs designed to treat alcohol/drug addiction(上瘾)on rats’ eating behaviors.

　　In one, researchers put the addiction drug into the decision-making area of the brain—to decrease junk food consumption in animals. The drug worked in the study, but more research is needed to see if and how this could apply to humans.

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