专题四 动词的时态和语态

　　2016～2017年各省市高考题(改编)A卷　全国卷

　　单句语法填空/单句改错

　　1．(2016·全国，62)I________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.

　　答案　was allowed　[根据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，我应该是被允许接近这些可爱的动物。]

　　2．(2016·全国，短文改错)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.________

　　答案　using→ used　[be used for “被用来做”，为固定短语。]

　　3．(2016·全国，43)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow

　　__(be) often acceptable.

　　答案　is　[考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less...，动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。]

　　4．(2016·全国，42)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might

　　________(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.

　　答案　be made　[考查语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。]

　　5．(2016·全国，49)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and

　　________(be) too violent for use at the table.

　　答案　were　[考查时态。此处were是与would remind 并列的谓语动词。]

　　6．(2015·全国，61)It was raining lightly when I________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.

　　答案　arrived　[句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。]

　　7．(2015·全国，67)Yangshuo________(be) really beautiful.

　　答案　is　[句意：阳朔真的很漂亮。这里用一般现在时。]

　　8．(2015·全国，短文改错)I think I would be happy there.________

　　答案　think→thought　[句意：我认为在那儿很快乐。时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时，表示“过去认为”。]

　　9．(2015·全国，短文改错)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.________

　　答案　去掉been　[句意：许多研究表明全球变暖早已成为严重的问题了。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。]

　　10．(2015·全国，短文改错)We must found ways to protect our environment.________

　　答案　found→find　[句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态动词must后接动词原形。]

　　11．(2015·全国，68)This cycle________(go) day after day.

　　答案　goes　[根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。]

　　12．(2015·全国，短文改错)Tony was scared and begun to cry.________

　　答案　begun→began　[动词形式错误，根据上文可知该句谓语动词应用一般过去式。]

　　13．(2015·全国，短文改错)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.________

　　答案　telling→told　[此处tell应与前文saw并列作谓语，故用一般过去时。]

　　14．(2017·全国大纲，22)Unless extra money________(find), the theatre will close.

　　答案　is found　[本题考查时态，条件状语从句中用现在时代替将来时，该句是被动语态，故用is found。]

　　15．(2017·全国大纲，32)The reports went missing in 2017 and nobody ________(see) them since.

　　答案　has seen　[本题考查时态，根据时间状语“从那以后”，可知选用现在完成时，表示现在的结果。]

　　16．(2017·全国大纲，短文改错)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.________

　　答案　mean→means　[根据上文中动名词作主语可知谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，此处表示客观事实，故选用一般现在时。]

　　17．(2017·全国，61)It________(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.

　　答案　was　[本题考查时could一致，故选择一般过去式。]

　　18．(2017·全国，短文改错)Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self－seed where they please.________

　　答案　had→have　[根据上下文，此处表示迄今

　　19．(2017·全国，65)A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.

　　答案　caught　[此处考查时态，根据下文中的was可知该句谓语动词用一般过去时。]

　　20．(2017·全国，短文改错)My dream school look like a big garden.________

　　答案　look→looks　[时态错误，根据前后时态一致原则，前文用一般现在时，此处主语是第三人称单数形式。]

　　21．(2017·全国，短文改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music.________

　　答案　sat→sit　[因为该动作与前文lie并列在情态动词之后，故用动词原形。]

　　22．(2017·全国大纲，27)We________(leave)very early so we packed the night before.

　　答案　were leaving　[根据语意：我们很早就要出发，所以我们头天晚上就打包了。可知表示过去将来时，leave是位移性动词，用过去进行时表将来。]

　　23．(2017·全国大纲，短文改错)At home my father often thinks Im silly.He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much time to stop me.________

　　答案　said→says　[根据上下文时态一致原则，此处用一般现在时。]

　　24．(2017·全国，24)If we________(not act)now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.

　　答案　dont act　[此处考查动词时态，此句中是假设条件句中，用现在时表将来。句意：如果我们现在不行动来保护环境，我们会后悔的。]

　　25．(2017·全国，27)When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I________(change)my mind.

　　答案　have changed　[此句考查时态，根据上下文此句表示现在已经发生改变了，故用现在完成时。]

　　26．(2017·全国，短文改错)I was only four when she passes away.________

　　答案　passes→passed　[根据上下文时态一致原则，此处应为一般过去时。]

　　27．(2017·全国，短文改错)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.________

　　答案　drank→drunk　[此处表被动，应用过去分词。]

　　28．(2017·全国，23)“Life is like walking in the snow”， Granny used to say, “because every step

　　________ (show)．”

　　答案　shows　[根据上下文可知此处表示客观事实，故选用一般现在时。]

　　29．(2017·全国，18)The manager________(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 a．m..

　　答案　has been telling　[此处表示从九点钟一直持续并依然在进行的动作，故选用现在完成进行时。]

　　30．(2017·全国，短文改错)Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.________

　　答案　seemed→seems　[因为承接上文应用一般现在时。]

　　B卷　地方卷用所给词的适当形式填空

　　1．(2016·北京，21)Jack________(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.

　　答案　was working[考查时态。句意：杰克正在实验室里工作这时突然停电了。此题考查到句型be doing...when...结构。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去的某一具体时刻，故用was working。]

　　2．(2016·北京，23)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

　　—The new Star Wars.We________(wait)here for more than two hours.

　　答案　have been waiting　[考查时态。句意：——请问，你们在等哪场电影？——最新的《星际大战》，我们在这儿已经等了两个小时了。由句中时间状语for more than two hours 可知，动作从过去延续到现在，并对现在产生直接影响，且动作还可能延续，故用现在完成进行时。]

　　3．(2016·北京，25)I________(read) half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.

　　答案　have read　[考查时态。句意：我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了，我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作，与现在有联系，故用现在完成时。]

　　4．(2016·北京，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________ (reward) success in the end.

　　答案　will be rewarded　[考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直努力学习他们的功课，他们的努力终将得到成功的回报。由句意可知，reward这一动作发生在have been working之后，故用将来时态reward和efforts之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。]

　　5．(2016·四川，阅读D)Night milk quickened the start of sleep and ________(cause) the mice to sleep longer.

　　答案　caused　[考查时态，和前面的quickened并列关系。]

　　6．(2016·四川，61)The giant panda________(love) by people throughout the world.

　　答案　is loved　[全世界的人都喜欢大熊猫。这里用一般现在时表示现状，panda与love之间为被动关系。]

　　7．(2016·江苏，22)More efforts, as reported，________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform.

　　答案　will be made　[考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年内要做出更大的努力去加快供给侧结构改革。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知，此处要用一般将来时，再more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系。]

　　8．(2016·江苏，29)Dashan, who________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition.

　　答案　has been learning　[考查现在完成进行时的用法。句意：大山已经学习中国喜剧文化——相声几十年了，他希望把相声与西方喜剧整合起来。根据时间状语for decades可知，表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)，故此处要用现在完成进行时。]

　　9．(2016·浙江，9)Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.

　　答案　had become　[考查动词的时态。句意：到大约公元前 100 年时丝绸已成为沿丝绸之路进行交易的主要货物之一。by＋过去时间作状语，谓语应用过去完成时态。]

　　10．(2016·浙江，14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that ________(reflect) my interest.

　　答案　reflected　[考查时态。句意：当最后决定选一门课程时，我决定申请那个反映兴趣的课程。主句用的一般过去时，从句也如此。]

　　11．(2015·江苏，30)The real reason why prices ________(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

　　答案　were　[句意：价格过去和现在仍然过高的原因是复杂的，没有简短的讨论可以令人满意地解释这个问题。根据and still are可以推断出空白处是对过去时态的考查。]

　　12．(2015·湖南，22)As you go through this book, you ________(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

　　答案　will find　[句意：在你浏览这本书时，你会发现经历二战的数as引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”，在从句中使用的是一般现在时，所以主句使用一般将来时，即所谓“主将从现”，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时。]

　　13．(2015·湖南，25)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”

　　答案　asked　[句意：在我问“现在你想让我干什么？”时，我无法掩饰自己的迫切心情。从句中的时态应该和主句中的时态保持一致，而不是和直接引语中的时态保持一致。]

　　14．(2015·湖南，28)He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”

　　答案　was looking　[句意：他一定是感到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，然后平静地说：“为什么这样盯着看我？” must have done是对过去情况的推测，that后面应该使用过去时，再根据后面“为什么这样盯着看我？”所使用的时态为进行时，可知此处为过去进行时。]

　　15．(2015·湖南，32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

　　答案　was held　[句意：我有一种强烈的进去玩玩具的冲动，但是幸亏被橱窗拦住了。前面had 是一般过去时，此处是并列谓语，也应该使用一般过去时；hold back和主语I之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态。]

　　16．(2015·北京，22)—Did you enjoy the party?

　　—Yes.We ________(treat)well by our hosts.

　　答案　were treated　[句意：——你们聚会玩得快乐吗？——是的，主人招待我们很好。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。故该空

　　]

　　17．(2015·北京，26)In the last few years, China ________(make)great achievements in environmental protection.

　　答案　has made　[句意：在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。由“in the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。]

　　18．(2015·北京，27)—Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?

　　—Not really.She ________(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

　　答案　had given　[give这一动作发生在“我们找安的家之前”，故用过去完成时。]

　　19．(2015·北京，30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

　　—All right.I ________(call)him later.

　　答案　will call　[句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在他的办公室里。——好的，过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时。]

　　20．(2015·浙江，8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he ________(go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

　　答案　was going to　[句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年。小时候，几乎没有人想到他会成为一个其理论将会改变世界的科学家。根据语境可知，此处要用过去将来时。]

　　21．(2017·福建，23)—Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been?

　　—I went to Ningxia and________(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.

　　答案　stayed

　　22．(2017·湖南，28)Since the time humankind started gardening，we ________(try) to make our environment more beautiful.

　　答案　have been trying

　　23．(2017·江苏，23)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in

　　Nanjing?

　　—Well，the media ________ (cover) it in a variety of forms.

　　答案　have covered

　　24．(2017·山东，1)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time－consuming than we________(expect)．

　　答案　had expected

　　25．(2017·山东，5)They made up their mind that they________(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.

　　答案　would buy

　　26．(2017·北京，28)Hurry up! Mark and Carol ________ (expect)

　　us.

　　答案　are expecting

　　27．(2017·辽宁，30)We are confident that the environment ________(improve)

　　by our further efforts to reduce pollution.

　　答案　will be improved

　　28．(2017·四川，11)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________(rebuild)．

　　答案　is being rebuilt　[句意：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuild之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。]

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