2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题14 语法填空（全国通用）_高考复习指南

2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题14 语法填空（全国通用）

　　答案　standing　[the ticket takers是动作stand的执行者，故要用现在分词形式作后置定语。] 6.Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity ________(find)nice

　　clothing for not a single penny.

　　答案　to find　[此处用不定式作定语，修饰opportunity。] ⑥作宾语补足语，不定式表动作全过程；现在分词表主动或进行；过去分词表被动或完成。【典例】　I noticed a man ________(sit)at the front. 解析　notice sb doing sth现在分词作宾语的补足语，表示正在做某事。答案　sitting 7.While she was getting me ________(settle)into a tiny but clean room，the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.

　　答案　settled　[把“我”安置在一个很小但很干净的房间里。get sb done。故填过去分词settled作宾补。] ⑦独立主格和with复合结构。【典例】　Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note ________(tell)where the bird was found. 解析　with复合结构中，非谓语动词和其逻辑主语note为主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。答案　telling 易错点1　思维定势干扰 He was very tired

　　______ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 解析　tired的短语搭配。be tired of具有很强的干扰性，其意为“对……厌烦”，很明显，本句解释不通。同时，我们还应想到be tired after/from，其意为“因……而劳累”。本句句意为：农夫劳作一整天后很疲劳，但是他对庄稼长“高”了感到很高兴。答案　after/from 【即时小练】 (1)July 1，1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China.The day our Chinese people had looked forward to ________ (come) at last. 答案　came　[句子主语是the day，此处缺少谓语动词，并不是考查look forward to doing结构。] (2)Cursing my misfortune，I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me ______ a guest in their house. 答案　as　[因为receive的搭配receive...from，这给考生解题造成了干扰，但是如果我们考虑到receive...as意为“把……当作……来接待”，那么答案就很清楚了。] 以题说法有考生看到be tired马上联想到be tired of结构，但这里不是“厌倦”之意，而是表示“在……之后累”“因……而疲倦”。突破指南为了避免思维定势的干扰，考生应认真理清句子含义和固定搭配结构，判断出合乎情理的句子意思。易错点2　词形变化干扰 (2017·广东)But such a small thing couldn’t __23__ (possible) destroy a village. 解析　possible修饰谓语动词destroy作状语，将possible变成副词，但是考生容易把possible的副词写成possiblely或possiblly，而不是possibly，这就造成本题失分。答案　possibly 【即时小练】 (1)(2017·广东)She was __22__(surprise) helpful. 答案　surprisingly　[此处修饰helpful，要用副词，故用surprisingly。] (2)(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ)While there are __68__(amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案　amazing　[此处修饰stories，要用形容词，故用amazing。因为amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，amazed意为“(人)感到惊讶的”。换言之，现在分词转换的形容词常常修饰事物，过去分词转换的形容词常常修饰人或者与人有关的事物。横线后面是名词story，说明应该使用现在分词转换的形容词。] (3)(2017·新课标全国Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and __43__(disappoint). 答案　disappointed　[此处考查系动词look的用法，在本空中look后接形容词。但是，考生很容易写成disappointing而造成失分，因为disappointed意为“(人)感到失望的”，而disappointing意为“令人感到失望的”，与句子意思不相符。] 以题说法词形变化干扰是指提示词本身具有特殊变形所引起的干扰。在语法填空中，有些形容词在变化为副词时拼写发生变化。例如： (1)以-le结尾的形容词，变-le为ly：possible—possibly，terrible—terribly，comfortable—comfortably，gentle—gently，simple—simply (2)以-y结尾的形容词，变-y为ily：easy—easily，angry—angrily，noisy—noisily，happy—happily，heavy—heavily，healthy—healthily (3)容易拼错的词：excitedly，rudely，truly，healthily，politely，widely，nicely，closely，surprisingly，disappointedly，fortunately 还有些名词的特殊变化形式，例如：argue→argument 突破指南词形的变化要求考查有扎实的基础知识，需要积累，多用心记忆。附录：语法填空做题技巧 “语法填空”考查的主要内容是句子结构、句子成分之间的一致性和句子与篇章在结构和意义两个层面上的制约性。语言结构的分析能力是本题考查的重点，在做题时应该遵循“先总后分”的原则。(1)总体。先通读全文，掌握主旨大意，了解短文的体裁、题材、时态、内容、线索、写作意图、观点看法、段落大意、逻辑层次等。在“总”读的过程中，可顺便填写某些空。(2)分项。 “分”就是下一步的具体填空。正确理解挖空句子的含义，分析其句子成分，判断该空需要填入的是介词、冠词、代词，还是连词或引导词。如果是介词，则大部分是词组或固定搭配；如果是冠词，主要是在篇章中考查其语法功能，表示泛指、特指或类别等；如果是代词，通常考查的是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词等；如果是连词、引导词，就要判断其连接的是并列句、定语从句、状语从句还是名词性从句等。最近在学校的论坛上，你看到有不少同学用英语在交流听力如何突破的问题。根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语网帖参与交流。内容包括： 1.掌握听力技巧和方法，多向老师和同学求助； 2.听、说相结合，多听的同时注重口语训练。 3.充分利用网络、英文电台等听力资源。注意：1.词数100左右。 2.可以适当展开联想。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 【范文实例】 1.本文是一个主题贴，针对如何提高听力水平提出了自己的方法和观点。文章层次清晰，first, besides, third的运用让读者一目了然，并使得上下文衔接紧密，过渡自然。 2.文章合理地运用了一些高级句型，从而增加了文章的亮点，如：Every student may feel it a little difficult to...中的feel后面跟复合宾语；when necessary状语从句的省略；Only if your oral English is perfect is your listening ability perfect, too.倒装句型的使用；以及在第三点中祈使句的运用等，使句型结构多样化。 3.作者书写稍显潦草，如能改正，则能锦上添花。读后启示：__________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 专题十四　语法填空一般来说，语法填空试题有两种试题形式：词类转化题和纯空格题。对于每一类试题要采用不同的解题方法。同时要特别注意对动词类的考查，它是考试中的重中之重。词类转换题【方法指导】作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表性质状态)时，通常用形容词形式。【典例】　He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was ________(health). 解析　句中缺表语，根据空后提示词及语意可知，此处应填health的形容词形式healthy。答案　healthy 1....and other times they make a very ________ (consider) effort to communicate with you.