2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题11 阅读理解（全国通用）_高考复习指南

2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题11 阅读理解（全国通用）

　　D.wife and children “family”是我们很熟悉的词了，意为“家庭”，但以这个意思理解family的话，我们就无法选择答案了。但是，如果我们结合上下文“The baker，with his wife and family，was able to get out through a window in the roof.”就很容易看出family其实指的是“children子女”，所以答案应该是B。因此，考生不仅要知道常用词的意思，更要知道其灵活变化的意思。在阅读理解测试中，常见的考查这种技能的题型的设问方式有： 1.The phrase “...”in the sentence could be replaced by________. 2.The word “...” in the paragraph refers to________. 3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph？/What does the underlined word mean? 4.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”？ 5.The word “...”most nearly means________. 词义猜测题是近几年来高考阅读理解题中经常出现的题型，在数量上通常至少有1道题。【方法指导】近年来高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测题主要考查生词词义判断、代词指代判断、熟词新义判断和普通词汇特殊意义判断。 1.分析人称演变过程推断代词的正确指代代词指代判断题考查考生依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。人称代词指代判断题要求考生对it，they，them，he，she等人称代词的正确指代进行判断。指示代词指代判断题主要考查考生对this，these，that，those等指示代词指代意义的判断能力。认真分析历年高考试题不难发现代词指代判断题常出现在人物变换多、动作转换频的语境中。解题时应认真阅读仔细推敲特定代词所在句和前后邻近句，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，弄清其来龙去脉和前因后果，从而准确推断其所替代的对象。【典例】　 (2017·天津卷阅读理解D篇第一段) You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator.When you choose to be a victim，the world is a cold and difficult place.“They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering.“They”are wrong and bad，and life is terrible as long as “they”are around.Or you may blame yourself for all your problems，thus internalizing(内化)your victimization.The truth is，your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. What does the word“they”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A.People and things around you. B.Opportunities and problems. C.Creators and their choices. D.Victims and their sufferings. 解析　由本段的第二、三、四句可知they指victim周围的人和事。答案　A 代词指代类猜测题难度不大，答案一般离画线词不远，所以考生只需读懂画线词附近的内容并理清各句的来龙去脉即可找到答案。 2.根据语境逻辑推断生词词义生词词义判断题主要考查考生利用语境逻辑推断特定生词意义的能力。解题时应充分利用上下文，找出特定生词在邻近句的背景信息，然后借助转折、条件、因果、递进、对比、并列、让步等逻辑关系或定义和解释正确推断其含义。【典例】　 (2017·湖北卷阅读理解B篇第五段) On Transportation Days，we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy，but the transportation was the point.First，it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window.As I got older，my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself：How do I know where to get off？How do I know how much it costs？How do I know when I need tickets，and where to get them？What track，what line，which direction，where’s the stop，and will I get wet when we go under the river? The underlined word“paralyzed”(in Para.5)is closest in meaning to “________”. A.displayed B.justified C.ignored