2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题11 阅读理解（全国通用）_高考复习指南

2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题11 阅读理解（全国通用）

　　D.ruined 解析　上下文中的两个关键信息为：unlock the mysteries和otherwise。句意：当我长大时，我母亲帮我解开了这些秘密，否则他们可能使我无法作自我首次尝试。D项意为“毁灭”，符合语境。A项意为“陈列”，B项意为“证明……是正当的”；C项意为“不理睬”。答案　D 高考英语文章中允许出现一部分生僻词，但是它们不影响考生对文章整体意思的理解。生僻词的猜测是高考常涉及的一个考点，考生可以通过上下文来猜测生词的词义。这些词往往不是孤立存在的，在上下文中都有相关的叙述。 3.根据原始含义和所在句语境推断熟词新义众所周知，英语单词词义丰富，搭配灵活，一些熟词在特定语境中常产生新含义。 (1)有些新含义与原含义没有联系，需要借助上下文进行推断。 (2)有些新含义既来自原含义又体现新特点，只有将原含义和新语境有机结合，在整体思维、综合考虑的基础上才能准确推断。【典例】　 (2017·湖北卷阅读理解E篇第二段) The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible，open-minded thinking.Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we’re unfocused.If you are one of those energetic morning people，your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.Sleepy people’s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving.By not giving yourself time to tune__into__your__wandering__mind，you’re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer. By “tune into your wandering mind”(in Para.2)，the author means“________”. A.wander into the wild B.listen to a beautiful tune C.switch to the traffic channel D.stop concentrating on anything 解析　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，若一味集中注意力而无暇放松，将错失有创造性的解决问题的方法。D项意为“不将注意力集中在某事物上”，符合语境。答案　D 句意猜测题通常需要考生猜测一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语等。这要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行直接的或解释性的描述，难度略大。做这类题时，考生可在对上下文语境有一定了解的基础上，运用排除法做题，先排除那些与文章基调不同的选项，而正确选项往往是对上下文的总结和概括，与文章基调一致。 4.依据语境逻辑推断普通词汇的特殊含义一些非常常见、十分普通的词汇在特殊场合会产生特殊的含义，解题时应认真阅读，仔细分析特定词汇所在句和邻近句，弄清作者的表达目的和写作意图，揭示其在特定词汇使用上的言外之意，从而正确推断该词的真正含义。【典例】　 (2017·安徽卷阅读理解C篇第一段) When Frida Kahlo’s paintings were on show in London，a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon(丝带) around a bomb”.Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.Sadly，she is actually a__much__bigger__name today than she was during her time. What does the phrase “a much bigger name”in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean? A.A far better artist. B.A far more gifted artist. C.A much stronger person. D.A much more famous person. 解析　墨西哥女画家弗里达·卡罗，身残志不残，创作了无数优秀作品。虽然在有生之年其作品未能受到应有的关注，但她最终于上世纪70年代末得到了国际声誉。name意为“名字”，但在本文提供的语境中其意义变为“名声”。答案　D 专题十一　阅读理解【考题探究】阅读理解中非常重要的一个技巧就是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意，也就是中心思想。一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的主旨大意，这就需要考生具备归纳和概括等方面的能力。而这种归纳和概括能力又常常是考试中考查的重点。研读高考真题，我们会总结出，对于文章或段落的主旨概括设问的形式一般是：主旨大意题 1.The main idea of the passage(text) is________. 2.The text (passage)is mainly about________. 3.What does the passage mainly discuss (deal with)? 4.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea? 5.The main point of the passage is________. 6.The best headline for this newspaper article would be________. 7.Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article? 8.What is the topic of the text? 9.The main purpose of the story is to tell us________. 10.The conclusion we can get from the story is ________. 大家只要记住，看到问题中使用mainly，main，title，headline，topic，conclusion等词时，就能仔细领会文章的主旨大意了。【方法指导】文章(或段落)的构成有其内在的规律性，其中心思想往往是通过主题句来体现的。因此考生对以下四种结构应首先有所了解，然后通过一系列有意识的训练进而掌握它们。 1.主题句在篇(段)首的结构这种结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别(特殊)的步骤，即先概述，然后用细节加以说明。 Jane Clark，fair-haired，blue-eyed and tough as steel，has just won the most difficult race in the world.In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge(雪橇)across 1，050 miles of the Arctic Circle and through some of the most difficult land in the world.In bitter(刺骨的) winds and snowstorms she drove her dogs along the Arctic track, in temperatures that reached —38℃.When Jane was asked how she felt about being the first woman ever to win the race，she said，“I still can’t believe it.”She then went over to inspect her thirteen wild-eyed dogs.David Wilson，who came second，said，“It sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of you.But it doesn’t hurt for long.She was a good winner.” Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A.Woman wins the world’s toughest race! B.Woman fights bitter winds and snowstorms! C.Woman wins a sledge race in the world! D.Woman drives a dog team across the Arctic! 解析　这篇文章的首句就是主题句，其后的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”，或是从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不容易。本篇的终结句进一步呼应了主题句。所以答案是A。答案　A 2.主题句在末尾的结构尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写的，其步骤是先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到共性。 On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates.He rolled on and on.Suddenly，he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall.Down fell the mirror，breaking into pieces.Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time! What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? A.The roller skates needed further improvement. B.The party guests took Merlin for a fool. C.Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D.Merlin got himself into trouble. 解析　这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述，最后一句做了归纳总结：“很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案为C。答案　C 3.主题句在中间的结构有些主题句既不在篇(段)首，也不在篇(段)尾，而是处于篇章(或段落)的中间。这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫，或是交代细节或论据。在主题句出场后，仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。这类结构包括三个层次：引题——主题思想——解释或继续给予例证。从它的写作程序来看，也可分为三部曲：归纳——结论——演绎，即给出一两个例证之后，做出概括性的总结，然后再给予例证来证实其论点。请看下例： When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can，the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment，and then it comes down.When a bullet(子弹)is shot straight up，it will travel much faster and higher than a ball，but it，too，will come down.Whatever__goes__up__must__come__down.We have always thought this to be true.An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long.Yet it does not stay up forever.Finally，like everything else，the plane must come down. 本段文字中下画线的这句话就是主题句。其行文顺序和写作程序与上述的模式完全吻合。 4.没有主题句的结构没有主题句的篇章(或段落)，并不是没有主题思想，它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话表示的，而是在文中含蓄地存在着，需要读者自己归纳总结。这种结构通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。 Shu Pulong has helped at least 1，000 people bitten(咬)by snakes.“It was seeing people with snake bites(伤口)that led me to this career，”he said. In 1963，after his army service，Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine.As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains.There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met.It was a very hot afternoon.The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand.He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake.In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart.Rushing home he shouted，“Bring me the knife.” Minutes later the man lost his arm forever. “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.”Shu said. The best headline(标题)for this newspaper article is ________. A.Astonishing Medicine B.Farmer Loses Arm C.Dangerous Bites