2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专练课件：6 名词、冠词和代词（牛津译林版）_高考复习指南

2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专练课件：6 名词、冠词和代词（牛津译林版）

　　The film awards are presented annually. 电影奖每年颁发一次。 A reward was offered for the return of the passport. 为找回护照(他)提供了一笔酬金。

　　How can I reward you for your help? 我怎样才能报答你的帮助? They awarded scholarship to the best students. 他们把奖学金授予最优秀的学生。知识清单四　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、疑问代词和指示代词一、人称代词 1.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时,可以用it来表示。如: It's a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl? 这是个可爱的宝宝。是男孩还是女孩? 2.人称代词有时也可用作名词。如: It's not a she;it's a he. 那不是个女孩;是个男孩。 3.在没有谓语动词的句子中,人称代词常用宾格。如: —Glad to meet you. —Me,too. ——见到你很高兴。 ——我也是。 4.代词they(不分性别)代表已提到过的一些人或事物,在口语中还可代替he or she,此外they还可泛指一般人。如: The Browns phoned.They're coming round this evening. 布朗夫妇打电话了。他们今天晚上过来。(代表已提到过的一些人) If anyone arrives late,they'll have to wait outside. 谁要是迟到,他就得在外面等着。(代替he or she) They say we're going to have a hot summer. 据说今年夏天将会很热。(泛指一般人) 二、物主代词 1.物主代词即人称代词的所有格形式,它可分为形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)和名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能作名词或动名词的定语。如: This is our classroom.这是我们的教室。(作名词的定语) Would you mind my opening the window?你介意我开窗户吗?(作动名词的定语或被称为动名词的逻辑主语) 2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外,名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用,构成双重所有格,即:a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/several/no/each/every/such/another/which+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如: This is her coat.Mine is over there. 这是她的大衣。我的(大衣)在那边。 Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友将参加我的生日聚会。三、反身代词 1.反身代词的基本用法 2.含有反身代词的惯用语 (1)与介词连用 You'll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself.(亲自) 你得亲自去看看他是否已经去了学校。 The computer can shut off of itself.(=naturally 自动地) 计算机可以自动关机。 Jim is not bad in himself,but he likes playing jokes on others.(本质上) 吉姆本身不坏,但他喜欢开别人的玩笑。 One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.(=for one's own private use,not to be shared独自享用) 每个人都愿意有间自己的卧室。 I can't finish the work by myself.(=alone;without help单独地、独自地) 我自己完成不了这个工作。 He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.(=almost mad with anger/excitement,etc.由于气愤、激动等而近乎发狂、忘形) 当听说通过了考试,他欣喜若狂。 (2)与动词连用 enjoy oneself(=have a good time)玩得开心,过得愉快 Behave yourself!(=Be polite!Show good manners!)规矩点! absent oneself缺课/缺勤 devote oneself to专心于;献身于 apply oneself to专心致志于 adapt oneself to适应于 treat oneself to用……款待自己 make oneself at home舒适自在 seat oneself(=sit)坐 think for oneself(=form one's own opinion)独立思考(形成看法、作出决定等) He is not himself today.(be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然) He is always boasting himself.(boast oneself自夸) A moment later,he came to himself.(come to oneself=regain self-control or con-sciousness恢复自制力/知觉;苏醒过来) When he woke up,he found himself in hospital.(find oneself+地点:发现自己不知不觉来到……) The food was on the table and no one was there,so he helped himself to it.(help oneself to sth.=take sth.for oneself为自己/某人取用) 四、疑问代词 1.what,who的区别一般来说,what问职业、地位;who问的是姓名或身份。如: —What is the man over there? —He is a doctor. ——那边那个男人是干什么的? ——他是个医生。 —Who is that man? —He is her husband. ——那个男人是谁? ——是她的丈夫。 2.what,which的区别 what是在未知范围内进行选择,后面不可跟of短语;which是在已知范围内进行选择,后面可跟of短语。如: What do you want to read?(无范围) 你想读什么? Which(of the animals)is bigger,an elephant or a horse?(有范围) 大象和马,哪个更大? 3.whatever,whichever,whoever等词的用法 whatever,whichever,whoever分别为what,which,who 的强调形式,相当于what/which/who on earth,意为:到底(究竟)什么/哪一个/谁。如: Whatever do you want? 你到底想要什么? Whoever gave you the book? 究竟是谁给你的这本书? 4.what的习惯用法 What is 五、指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词。常用的指示代词有this,that,these,those。在句中可以作定语、主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等成分。另外,such,so,the same也可以充当指示代词。 1.this,that,these,those用法比较简单,应注意以下几点: (1)在打电话时,this指自己,that指别人。 (2)习惯用法,如: at this一听到/看到这个 with this一面说着,一面…… like this像这样,如此 that is to say也就是说 Is that so?真的吗? That's enough!我受够了! That's it!正是这样! That's all right.没关系。 That will do.那正好。 2.such,so,the same的用法 (1)such指如前所述的这样的人或事物。此时,如果遇到a/an,such必须放在其前;如果遇到no,one,two,three,another,several,some,many,all等词时,such必须置于其后。有时such之后可以加一个as用以引出属于哪一类。如: Every day,he got up early,walked about 20 miles to work and returned very late.Such was his life.每天他一早起床,步行大约二十英里去上班,而且回家很晚。这就是他的生活。 Such is Albert Einstein,a simple man with great achievements. 这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,一个简朴而又成绩卓著的人。 Tom is such a nice person. 汤姆就是这样一个好人。 (2)so作指示代词时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。 ①在believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess等词后,用so代替前文提出的观点,既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句。如: —Will Tom come this evening? —I think so./I don't think so.(I think not.) ——汤姆今晚会来吗? ——我想会的。/我想不会。 ②用于hope以及I'm afraid后,代替前文提出的观点。如: —Is it going to rain tomorrow? —I hope so./I hope not.(不用I don't hope so.) ——明天会下雨吗? ——希望如此。/希望不会。 ③用在肯定句中,表示与上文的情况相同。如: He likes English,and so do I. 他喜欢英语,我也喜欢。 ④“do so”可用来代替“动词+宾语”结构,以避免重复。此时“do so”的主语必须与前面的“动词+宾语”的主语一致。如: —Have you phoned your parents? —No,but I'll do so soon. ——你给你父母打电话了吗? ——没有,我一会儿就打。注意:“do so”所代替的动作必须是可以由主观意愿支配的,否则不可用“do so”。 (3)the same ①单独用the same,可指刚提到过的同一个人或事物。如: I bought a new car three days ago,but soon sold the same. 三天前我买了一辆新车,但是很快就卖掉了。 ②the same后跟as用以引出所谈及的范围,as后可以是名词、代词,也可以是句子。如: He is of the same age as you. 他和你一样大。 I have the same computer as you do. 我的电脑和你的一样。注意:the same...as和the same...that的区别在于: 前者表示“与……一样的(不是同一个)”,后者指“同一个”。如: This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔和我丢的那支是一样的。 This is the same pen that I lost. 这就是我丢的那支钢笔。知识清单五　it的用法一、指代时间、距离、自然现象等。如: It is half past two now.(指时间) 现在是两点半。