This room is less beautiful than that one. ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰。 He works even harder than before. 注意:(A)英语的比较级前如无even,still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”。 She is better than she was yesterday. Please come earlier tomorrow. (B)by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。 The harder he works,the happier he feels. ⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。 The weather is getting colder and colder. ⑥某些以ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的),superior(较好的,优于……),junior(资历较浅的),senior(资格较老的),prior(在……之前)等。 He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。 The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. ⑧倍数表达法。 (A)A is three(four,etc.) times the size(height,length,etc.) of B. The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. (B)A is three(four,etc.) times as big(high,long,etc.) as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. (C)A is three(four,etc.) times bigger(higher,longer,etc.) than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 注意:用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double。 (4)最高级的用法。 ①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in his class. ②最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like等词语所修饰。 This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. ③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。 ④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。 He is the tallest (boy) in his class. ⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. ⑥否定词+比较级=最高级 He has never spent a more worrying day. (5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 ①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词。 ②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,不表比较,表示“非常”。 He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting.(most=very) ③表示两者间“较……的一个”,比较级前加the。 Who is the older of the two boys? ④在“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构中,可用省略形式。 The more,the better. (6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。 ①as much as+不可数名词 数量多达…… Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as 100 dollars a week. ②as many as+可数名词 数量多达…… I have as many as sixteen reference books. ③as early as早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. ④as far as远到;就……而知(论) We might go as far as(走到) the church and back. As far as I know(就我所知),he has been there before. ⑤may(might,could) as well不妨,不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥as...as one can尽某人所能的…… They are as unreliable as they can be. He began to run,as fast as he could. ⑦as...as possible尽可能……的 Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. 3.几组重要的词语辨析 (1)very和much的区别。 ①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。 ②表示状态的分词形容词前用very。如a very frightened boy,a very tired child,a very complicated problem。一般情况下,以ing,ed结尾的分词形容词多用much,very much/greatly等修饰。 We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude. ③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:very interesting/worrying/exciting。 ④too前用much,a lot或far,不用very。如:You are much/far/a lot too nice.另外,在too many/much,too few/little前可用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventure these days. We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. ⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:(A)修饰“绝对”意义的形容词,一般不用very,而用quite,completely,well,entirely。如:quite wrong(mistaken,sure),completely dead,quite impossible, quite perfect等。(B)修饰以a开头的形容词,多有特殊的修饰词:quite alone,very much alone,wide awake,fast asleep,very much afraid。(C)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:be well worth,much the same,freezing cold,quite different,terribly cold/frightening。 (2)so...that...与such...that...的区别。 注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many,much,little,few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时,如so much progress,so many people,so little food,so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如:These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列短语中so的用法是错误的:so a difficult problem,so difficult problems,so hot weather。 (3)其他几组词的辨析。 ①ago,before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”;before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。 ②already,yet,still:already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句。 ③too,also,either:too和also用于肯定句,too多用于口语,also多用于书面语;either用于否定句。
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