(control) the rapid 16.
(grow) of population by limiting most urban couples 17.
one child,and as to rural couples,they can have two children on condition that their first child born was a girl.The policy was later relaxed.Parents 18.
were both only children in their family could have 19.
second child. before to control growth to who/that a 答案 The one-child policy was 20.
(far) loosened in November 2017 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child. further 答案 返回 第二部分
词法篇——其他词类 核心考点精析 名词在高考中的应用 模拟强化练 1 2 3 核心考点精析 ◆名词的核心考点 1.可数名词的数 这里主要讲其不规则变化。 (1)单、复数同形。如:means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works(工厂),cattle。 (2)合成名词的复数。如:boyfriend→boyfriends,gobetween→gobetweens(中间人),grownup→grownups。 (3)有些名词通常只用作复数。如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富,surroundings环境,ashes灰尘,compasses圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺,have words with sb.同某人吵架,in high spirits情绪高涨地,give one’s regards to sb.向某人问好,in rags衣衫褴褛,It is good manners to do sth.做某事是有礼貌的。 (4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。 2.不可数名词的数 (1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下: ①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。 抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词,可数名词) in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事 win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事) win honour赢得荣誉 an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事) failure失败 a failure一个失败者/一件失败的事 by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历 with pleasure乐意 a pleasure一件乐事 ②抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。 A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk (swim,bath,talk) with me? It is a waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. (2)物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。 物质名词有形或数的相应物体时,有单、复数。如:some coffee一些咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡;some drink一些饮料,a drink一杯饮料,three drinks三杯饮料;his hair他的头发,a few grey hairs几根白发;glass玻璃,a glass一只玻璃杯。 3.名词所有格 (1)’s所有格 the boy’s mother,the children’s toys,the teachers’ books,Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(共用),Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms(各自的) (2)“of+名词”所有格 the roof of the house,the cover of the book,the name of the girl wearing a red coat,a picture of my father(=a picture that my father is in) (3)双重所有格 a friend of my brother’s(=one of my brother’s friends),a picture of my father’s(=one of my father’s pictures) (4)“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有: ①用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后,如:Tom’s home,the doctor’s,the company’s new factory等。 ②用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后,如:today’s newspaper,five minutes’ walk(drive),five pounds’ weight,ten dollars’ worth of coffee。 ③用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后,如:the world’s population,China’s industry,New York’s parks。 (5)所有格的句法功能 ①表所有关系 Jack’s brother ②表主谓关系 Mr Wang’s praise ③表动宾关系 the famous star’s admirers ④表修饰关系 a doctor’s degree ⑤表同位关系(只用of所有格)the city of Beijing 4.名词的功能 (1)可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语 Mary turned nurse. He bought a new book. We made him monitor of our class. (2)作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。 ①分类意义 air pollution空气污染 boy friend男朋友 coffee cup咖啡杯
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