(1)who 或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。
①I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
②I have many friends to whom I'm going to send post cards.
我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。
(2)whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom。
The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生,放假时商店关门。
2.that, which引导的定语从句
(1)which指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可作定语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
(2)限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that 不用which的情况:
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