(激励) education，has been discussed.For example，researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books，while in others，the incentives were based on output，like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryer's conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam，aside from general rules like“study harder.”Reading certain books，on the other hand，is a well－set task over which they have much more control.

　　chance of success.And it's easier to start again if you fail，because you know exactly what you need to do.

　　If you want to cut down on your spending，a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café，for example.This is a well－specified action－based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn't a goal because it's too general.Similarlyat you could adopt and stick to，like a family movie night every Wednesday.

　　In the long run，these new goals could become a habit.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文文章主要向大家说明在选择做出正确决定的时候我们应该关注的是

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