B

　　Modern life is highly dependent on energy to heat buildings,cook food,and run automobiles and machinery.In many volcanic regions geothermal(地热的)resources are exploited either directly for heat,or indirectly for the production of electricity.Geothermal energy may be renewable,if it is used at a lower rate than the natural heating.It is also clean compared with the burning of fossil fuels.

　　Volcanic ash and lava from eruptions often cover large areas of ground and are detrimental to life,but over time these same materials gather to form soils.The resulting volcanic soils have unique physical and chemical features.Some mountainous volcanic regions are famous for their production of coffee or wine,owing to volcanic soils.

　　Volcanic rocks are the most plentiful rock in many areas and are often employed as a building material for structures,road beds and walls.The altered volcanic clay,bentonite(斑脱土),is commonly used in diverse products from drilling mud to cosmetics.

　　Hot springs and fumaroles are often found in close association with volcanoes.This combination has led to the development of many spas and resorts at volcanoes.The attractive mountainous volcanic areas are also attractive sites for hiking,camping,and climbing as well viewing the various surface expressions of volcanic activities.

　　Ironically,much of what we know of some ancient civilizations was instantly protected by the powerful force of volcanic eruptions.Examples include the well-known Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum,and the Bronze Age Akrotiri in the Aegean.

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