Nichols also has some different ideas about the direction in which the country was settled. Breaking with the traditional view of migrations, she says that the inside of North America was colonized not only from Siberia but also from the south.

　　To bolster her argument for an early settlement date, Nichols points to findings from the Monte Verde site in southern Chile. It has been dated at 12,500 years old, which means the area was occupied during the last ice age. And, the Monte Verde people would have needed at least 6,500 years to travel from Alaska to Chile. Yet, that only takes us back to about 19,000 years ago. Her research suggests a very high degree of language diversity is something that happens only with time. She insists that the approximately 150 distinct native American language families we know of today must have required at least 35,000 years to develop.

　　1. In the first paragraph the writer uses the word “unwilling” to show that _______.

　　A. the Africans came against the will of most Americans

　　B. the Africans came without the approval of their parents

　　C. the Africans were taken here against their own will

　　D. the Europeans who came at the time didn’t want the Africans to come together

　　2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Athabaskan-speaking people?

　　A. They were related to people living in Japan in prehistoric times.

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