The researchers do infer that these new coastline ecosystems could be more productive than before.Warming in the Arctic is accelerating at twice the average global rate.By 2050 the Arctic Ocean may be completely ice－free in summer.For these new coastline ecosystems，only one thing can be said with certainty: It’s not going to be like what it was.

　　1．The reason why algae are very important to the ocean is that ________.

　　A．they can keep sea ice from disappearing

　　B．they form the base of ocean food chains

　　C．they form the top class of ocean food chains

　　D．they can become main food of mankind

　　2．What does the underlined word“conversion”in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A．Change.

　　B．Dialogue.

　　C．Challenge.

　　D．Choice.

　　3．We can learn from the passage that ________.

　　A．Kortsch’s group has studied the environment in the Arctic Ocean for three decades

　　B．tipping points refer to sea ice in the Arctic Ocean which is disappearing gradually

　　C．how the food chains would be influenced still needs study

　　D．life in the sea can’t be influenced by the changes in the Arctic Ocean

　　4．What conclusion can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　A．The Arctic Ocean will keep the same situation in the next two decades.

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