419 fraud or “Nigerian Scams”

　　Also known as advanced fee fraud (AFF)，419 fraud is named after the section of the Nigerian penal code(刑法典) that deals with fraud.Although originally originating in Nigeria，these scams can originate from anywhere.If you fall for one of these at best you will lose thousands of dollars，at worst you will lose your life.These usually start with an email from a bank official or a government minister informing you that they have access to millions of dollars but need your help to get the money out of the country.The result is that when the deal is threatened，you will be asked for money to secure the release of the funds.Do not under any circumstances reply to these letters.People have been murdered while following up with these scams.

　　Phishing（网络钓鱼）

　　In phishing scams，scammers send out emails to millions of Internet addresses intending to be from a financial institution，and requiring you to log in and confirm your details.The email looks authentic（真实的） and contains a link that you need to click.If you happen to have an account at the bank featured in the scam then it’s a very natural thing to click the link and log in to “your” account except it’s not your account or even your bank.It will be a website set up by the scammers to extract your information，name，address，credit card details，password and PIN number etc..Once they have these details they will have access to your funds and your identity.Avoid these scams by never clicking on a link in an email like this.Banks do not send out emails requesting you to log in and confirm your details.

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