“If we’re going to work together to achieve a society free of tobacco－related disease，this must be understood，”said Lushniak.

　　The new report urges increased use of tobacco－control measures.The suggested controls include raising prices of cigarettes，and expanding bans on smoking in enclosed spaces.

　　Doctor Lushniak also said smoking holds back the body’s natural defenses for fighting disease.He said this increases a smoker’s likelihood of getting an infectious disease.

　　“One of the most disturbing findings is that the disease risks from smoking by women have risen sharply over the last fifty years.Women are now as likely to die from smoking as men，women smokers’ risk of lung cancer is now the same as men，and more women die from chronic lung disease than men，”said Lushniak.

　　The new report finds that those who do not smoke are at a higher risk for stroke if left unprotected from tobacco smoke.The latest research also shows damage to unborn children.Babies are more likely to be born with cleft palate(先天性腭裂)if the mother smokes.The chemicals in tobacco smoke can have lasting effects on brain development in a fetus(胎儿)．

　　The surgeon general would like to see more action to keep young people from developing a smoking habit.He supports higher prices on cigarettes，more anti－smoking media campaigns and more help for people who want to quit smoking.

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