We humans love to make comparisons．On the market，we （21）　D　 to find the best ones．In the classroom teachers compare their students to the （22）　 　．And parents compare their children to his or her peers to （23）　 　an idea of what is"normal"．

（24）　 　，comparisons of any kind come with a sting（刺痛） for everyone．When parents make it clear to anyone that their children are （25）　 　 to all other children in all ways，they put their children under （26）　 　．Some children will obey when they are pressured to （27）　 　 their parents'need for perfection； others may（28）　 　，trying to be just like any other kid，or，better still，to be just who they are．In other （29）　 　，parents who compare their children to other children might end up （30）　 　their children are somehow"deficient（有缺点的）"．And，again，they pressure their children to be （31）　 　 enough．

A most disturbing （32）　 　 of all this comparing is that it pushes children into the destructive world of competition．"In a （33）　 　 culture，a child is told that it isn't enough to be good﹣﹣﹣he or she must （34）　 　 others，"writes Alfie Kohn，a parenting expert．

According to Kohn，research doesn't （35）　 　 the theory that competition brings success．One after another，researchers have concluded that children don't learn better （36）　 　 education is changed into a competitive struggle．Competition prevents a child's ability（37）　 　 not only educationally but socially，too．

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