Karen Bierman,Penn State Professor of Psychology,and her team studied 350 preschoolers.Half were taught the traditional curriculum(课程).The other half were given the basic curriculum as well as social and emotional teachings.

　　The results show that the half students taught with a curriculum that includes social lessons,such as sharing,listening,and self-control,score higher in both the social and academic areas of school readiness that the other half students.

　　The other finding is that when you work on both academic and social-emotional skills,you get stronger gains in both areas.“You get the combined power when you put both together,so neither area is weakened,”she says.

　　Clearly,knowing how to share,develop healthy friendships,and learn side-by-side with others is important to a child’s academic achievement in the classroom.But,Bierman says the importance of social and emotional education goes beyond that.Preschool is prime time for the development of self-regulation,which not only tells a child not to hit another child,but also tells a child how to set personal goals and focus himself enough to follow through with those goals.And the ability to regulate behavior is what helps children get motivated at school.“When they get upset,bored,or frustrated,it doesn’t defeat them,”she says. 

　　Goal-oriented(面向目标的) and motivated learning is best taught in preschool,Bierman says,when the prefrontal part of the brain,which controls decision-making,is at the height of development.“First grade teachers can teach letter names,but preschool is when that behavior is peaking and language is just beginning to develop,”she says.

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