B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

　　C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

　　D．Buying new cars to replace super­dirty old cars.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓励人们拼车，扩大和改进公共交通运输体系等。故选B。

　　D

　　(2016·石家庄高三教学质检二)If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday, which one would you prefer, a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes?

　　According to Science Daily, about one­third of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called “materialists”， namely, those who value material goods more than experiences. But which of the two choices makes people happier?

　　Back in 2009, Ryan Howell, a professor at San Francisco State University, found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions. This is because the joy of receiving a new object fades over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences, on the other hand, can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories.

　　But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn’t they?

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