He has learned English for ten years. (他学英语10年了,到现在已停止学英语或者可能还在学。)
现在完成进行时强调过去发生的动作持续到现在,强调还在进行之中。
He has been learning English for ten years. (从过去某一时间开始学英语,强调到现在还在学。)
构成:had+过去分词
(1)表示过去某一时间以前发生的动作。常与by,by the end of,by the time,until,before等状语连用。
By the end of last term, we had learned
3,000 words.
到上学期末止,我们已学了3000个单词。
(2)强调两个动作都发生在过去,先发生的用过去完成时。
The train had left when I arrived at the station.
我到车站时,火车已离开了。
(3)expect, intend, mean, suppose, think和want等用于过去完成时中,表示没有完成的意图和计划等。
He had expected to win the first place but the judge was just unfair.
他当时很想拿第一名,但裁判不公平。
(4)过去完成时用在would rather that 从句中(对过去的希望)
I would rather you had come last night.
我宁愿你昨晚来。
(5)It was the first/second/third…time that+主语+had done
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